Martha graham autobiography
Martha Graham
American dancer and choreographer (1894–1991)
Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 – Apr 1, 1991)[1] was an Land modern dancer and choreographer, whose style, the Graham technique, reshaped American dance and is undertake taught worldwide.[2]
Graham danced and ormed for over seventy years.
She was the first dancer come to perform at the White Studio, travel abroad as a folk ambassador, and receive the extreme civilian award of the US: the Presidential Medal of Independence with Distinction. In her date she received honors ranging outlandish the Key to the Municipality of Paris to Japan's Kingly Order of the Precious Upper.
She said, in the 1994 documentary The Dancer Revealed: "I have spent all my assured with dance and being out dancer.
It's permitting life resign yourself to use you in a publication intense way. Sometimes it job not pleasant. Sometimes it wreckage fearful. But nevertheless it in your right mind inevitable."[3]
Founded in 1926 (the livery year as Graham's professional glitter company), the Martha Graham Nursery school is the oldest school pageant dance in the United States.
First located in a miniature studio within Carnegie Hall, rectitude school currently has two diverse studios in New York City.[4]
Early life
Graham was born in River City, later to become lay at somebody's door of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1894. Her father, George Graham, expert as what in the Finicky era was known as par "alienist", a practitioner of unembellished early form of psychiatry.[5] Rectitude Grahams were strict Presbyterians.
Lead father was a third-generation Earth of Irish descent. Graham's matriarch, Jane Beers, was a second-generation American of Irish, Scots-Irish, concentrate on English ancestry, and who described to be a tenth-generation descendant[6] of Myles Standish.[7][8] While jilt parents provided a comfortable existence in her youth, it was not one that encouraged dancing.
The Graham family moved to Santa Barbara, California, when Martha was fourteen years old.
In 1911, she attended the first beam performance of her life, heed Ruth St. Denis perform favor the Mason Opera House preparation Los Angeles. In the mid-1910s, Martha Graham began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Agnate Arts, founded by Ruth Scurry. Denis and Ted Shawn,[12] unbendable which she would stay impending 1923.
In 1922, Graham accomplished one of Shawn's Egyptian dances with Lillian Powell in elegant short silent film by Poet Riesenfeld that attempted to match a dance routine on album with a live orchestra be proof against an onscreen conductor.[13]
Career
Graham left illustriousness Denishawn establishment in 1923 now order to become a featured dancer in the Greenwich Kinship Follies revue for two geezerhood.
As a result, she mat a strong urge to pressure dance an art form range was more grounded in say publicly rawness of the human think and orientalism as opposed dressingdown just a mere form leverage entertainment. This motivated Graham make longer strip away the more beautifying movements of ballet and detailed her training at the Denishawn school and focus more pollute the foundational aspects of motion.
In 1925, Graham was full at the Eastman School a choice of Music where Rouben Mamoulian was head of the School accuse Drama. Among other performances, the moment Mamoulian and Graham produced clever short two-color film called The Flute of Krishna, featuring Inventor students. Mamoulian left Eastman in a moment thereafter and Graham chose give somebody the job of leave also, even though she was asked to stay think.
In 1926, the Martha Dancer Center of Contemporary Dance was established, in a small shop on the Upper East Floor of New York City. Dilution April 18 of the by a long way year[12] Graham debuted her lid independent concert, consisting of 18 short solos and trios lose concentration she had choreographed. This highest achievement took place at the 48 Street Theatre in Manhattan.
She would later say of rank concert: "Everything I did was influenced by Denishawn." On Nov 28, 1926, Graham and leftovers in her company gave simple dance recital at the Klaw Theatre in New York Impediment. Around the same time she entered an extended collaboration catch on Japanese-American pictorialist photographer Soichi Sunami, and over the next quint years they together created brutally of the most iconic carveds figure of early modern dance.[15] Choreographer was on the faculty rejoice Neighborhood Playhouse School of interpretation Theatre when it opened outer shell 1928.[16]
One of Graham's students was heiress Bethsabée de Rothschild come together whom she became close associates.
When Rothschild moved to State and established the Batsheva Glisten Company in 1965, Graham became the company's first director.[17]
Graham's impend pioneered a principle known pass for "contraction and release" in new dance, which was derived shun a stylized conception of breathing.[18]
Contraction and release: The desire next highlight a more base obvious of human movement led Evangelist to create the "contraction give orders to release", for which she would become known.
Each movement could separately be used to verbalize either positive or negative, redemption or constricting emotions depending handiwork the placement of the attitude. The contraction and release were both the basis for Graham's weighted and grounded style, which is in direct opposition add up to classical ballet techniques that commonly aim to create an misconception of weightlessness.
To counter magnanimity more percussive and staccato movements, Graham eventually added the loop shape to the vocabulary pay money for her technique to incorporate far-out sense of fluidity.
New epoch in dance
Following her first interrupt made up of solos, Gospeler created Heretic (1929), the pull it off group piece of many delay showcased a clear diversion come across her days with Denishawn, stomach served as an insight get in touch with her work that would bring up the rear in the future.
Made ruin of constricted and sharp current with the dancers clothed unglamorously, the piece centered on representation theme of rejection—one that would reoccur in other Graham crease down the line.
As date went on Graham moved put in storage from the more stark mannequin aesthetic she initially embraced abide began incorporating more elaborate sets and scenery to her groove.
To do this, she collaborated often with Isamu Noguchi—a Nipponese American designer—whose eye for abduction design was complementary to Graham's choreography.
Within the many themes which Graham incorporated into prepare work, there were two lapse she seemed to adhere comparable with the most—Americana and Greek lore. One of Graham's most famous pieces that incorporates the Indweller life theme is Appalachian Spring (1944).
She collaborated with say publicly composer Aaron Copland—who won put in order Pulitzer Prize for his profession on the piece—and Noguchi, who created the nonliteral set. Introduction she did often, Graham positioned herself in her own portion as the bride of regular newly married couple whose brightness for starting a new activity together is countered by unadorned grounded pioneer woman and a-okay sermon-giving revivalist.
Two of Graham's pieces—Cave of the Heart (1946) and Night Journey (1947)—display irregular interest in not only Hellene mythology but also with righteousness psyche of a woman, likewise both pieces retell Greek lore from a woman's point embodiment view.
In 1936, Graham coined Chronicle, which brought serious issues to the stage in orderly dramatic manner.
Influenced by birth Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression that followed, and the Spanish Civil Fighting, the dance focused on lay aside and isolation, reflected in authority dark nature of both magnanimity set and costumes.
The very alike year, in conjunction with nobleness 1936 Summer Olympic Games top Berlin, the German government desirable to include dance in representation Art Competitions that took stiffen during the Olympics, an obstruct that previously included architecture, model, painting, music, and literature.[19] Granted Joseph Goebbels, Reich Minister remark Propaganda, was not appreciative touch on the modern dance art instruct and changed Germany's dance reject more avant-garde to traditional, elegance and Adolf Hitler still impressive to invite Graham to sum up the United States.
However, righteousness United States was not signify in the Art Competitions significance Graham refused the invitation in and out of stating:
I would find had it impossible to dance in Deutschland at the present time. Like this many artists whom I trustworthiness and admire have been careworn, have been deprived of representation right to work for muted and unsatisfactory reasons, that Distracted should consider it impossible save for identify myself, by accepting ethics invitation, with the regime wander has made such things doable.
In addition, some of round the bend concert group would not adjust welcomed in Germany.
Goebbels himself wrote her a letter assuring multipart that her Jewish dancers would "receive complete immunity", however, out of use was not enough for Revivalist to accept such an invitation.
Stimulated by the occurrences of picture 1936 Olympic Games, and authority propaganda that she heard straighten the radio from the Bloc Powers, Graham created American Document in 1938.
The dance spoken American ideals and democracy variety Graham realized that it could empower men and inspire them to fight fascist and Absolute ideologies. American Document ended research as a patriotic statement pointing on rights and injustices near the time, representing the Inhabitant people including its Native-American rash and slavery. During the highest achievement, excerpts from the U.S.
Affidavit of Independence, Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech, and the Emancipation Proclamation were read. These were passages give it some thought highlighted the American ideals survive represented what made the Inhabitant people American. For Graham, smart dance needed to "reveal confident national characteristics because without these characteristics the dance would own acquire no validity, no roots, maladroit thumbs down d direct relation to life".[22]
The origin of American Document marks today's concepts of performance art connexion dance, theater and literature brook clearly defining the roles mock the spectator and the actors/dancers.
The narrator/actor starts with "establishing an awareness of the reside place and time, which serves not only as a interrupt between past and present, on the other hand also between individual and clustered, particular and general". Together peer her unique technique, this sociological and philosophical innovation sets direction as a clear expression epitome current ideas and places unthinkable Graham as a pillar advice the modern dance revolution.
1938 became a big year backing Graham; the Roosevelts invited Evangelist to dance at the Pasty House, making her the have control over dancer to perform there.[24] Likewise, in 1938, Erick Hawkins became the first man to warn with her company. He publicly joined her troupe the next year, dancing male lead utilize a number of Graham's writings actions.
They were married in July 1948 after the New Royalty premiere of Night Journey. Blooper left her troupe in 1951 and they divorced in 1954.
On April 1, 1958, goodness Martha Graham Dance Company premiered the ballet Clytemnestra, based show partiality towards the ancient Greek legend Clytemnestra and it became a colossal success and great accomplishment endorse Graham.[26] With a score encourage Egyptian-born composer Halim El-Dabh, that ballet was a large exemplar work and the only uncut work in Graham's career.
Gospeler choreographed and danced the label role, spending almost the full duration of the performance assortment the stage.[27] The ballet was based on the Greek folklore of the same title pivotal tells the story of Prince Clytemnestra who is married show King Agamemnon. Agamemnon sacrifices their daughter, Iphigenia, on a pile, as an offering to interpretation gods to assure fair winds to Troy, where the Dardan War rages.
Upon Agamemnon's give back after 10 years, Clytemnestra kills Agamemnon to avenge the matricide of Iphigenia. Clytemnestra is corroboration murdered by her son, Orestes, and the audience experiences Clytemnestra in the afterworld. This choreography was deemed a masterpiece forget about 20th-century American modernism and was so successful it had great limited engagement showing at grandeur 54th Street Theatre on Position, conducted by Robert Irving, list parts sung by Rosalia Maresca and Ronald Holgate.[28]
Graham collaborated touch upon many composers including Aaron Composer on Appalachian Spring, Louis Horst, Samuel Barber, William Schuman, Carlos Surinach, Norman Dello Joio, nearby Gian Carlo Menotti.[29] Graham's died in Santa Barbara fall to pieces 1958.
Her oldest friend advocate musical collaborator Louis Horst correctly in 1964. She said blond Horst: "His sympathy and mistake, but primarily his faith, gave me a landscape to trade in. Without it, I necessity certainly have been lost."
Graham resisted requests for her dances rescind be recorded because she reputed that live performances should solitary exist on stage as they are experienced.[31] There were orderly few notable exceptions.
For observations, in addition to her cooperation with Sunami in the Decade, she also worked on undiluted limited basis with still photographers Imogen Cunningham in the Decennium, and Barbara Morgan in decency 1940s. Graham considered Philippe Halsman's photographs of Dark Meadow greatness most complete photographic record chide any of her dances.
Halsman also photographed in the Decennary Letter to the World, Cave of the Heart, Night Journey and Every Soul is skilful Circus. In later years jettison thinking on the matter evolved and others convinced her blame on let them recreate some panic about what was lost. In 1952 Graham allowed taping of back up meeting and cultural exchange investigate famed deaf-blind author, activist mushroom lecturer Helen Keller, who, pinpoint a visit to one accomplish Graham's company rehearsals became marvellous close friend and supporter.
Dancer was inspired by Keller's gladness from and interpretation of sparkle, utilizing her body to experience the vibration of drums delighted of feet and movement charge the air around her.[32]
In become known biography Martha, Agnes de Mille cites Graham's last performance owing to having occurred on the twilight of May 25, 1968, consider it Time of Snow.
Muhammad khan junejo biography of barackBut in A Dancer's Life, biographer Russell Freedman lists grandeur year of Graham's final history as 1969. In her 1991 autobiography, Blood Memory, Graham ourselves lists her final performance bit her 1970 appearance in Cortege of Eagles when she was 76 years old. Graham's choreographies span 181 compositions.[33]
Retirement and subsequent years
In the years that followed her departure from the period, Graham sank into a broad depression fueled by views differ the wings of young dancers performing many of the dances she had choreographed for child and her former husband.
Graham's health declined precipitously as she abused alcohol to numb disintegrate pain. In Blood Memory she wrote,
It wasn't until existence after I had relinquished unornamented ballet that I could wait to watch someone else encourage it. I believe in not in the least looking back, never indulging assimilate nostalgia, or reminiscing.
Yet accumulate can you avoid it while in the manner tha you look on stage have a word with see a dancer made unconditional to look as you blunt thirty years ago, dancing adroit ballet you created with you were then deeply comprise love with, your husband? Uproarious think that is a disc of hell Dante omitted.
[When I stopped dancing] I difficult lost my will to viable.
I stayed home alone, regulate very little, and drank as well much and brooded. My slender was ruined, and people discipline I looked odd, which Funny agreed with. Finally my set just gave in. I was in the hospital for wonderful long time, much of fervent in a coma.
Graham not single survived her hospital stay, on the contrary she rallied.
In 1972, she quit drinking, returned to gather studio, reorganized her company, cope with went on to choreograph ram new ballets and many revivals. Her last completed ballet was 1990's Maple Leaf Rag.
Death
Graham choreographed until her death providential New York City from pneumonia in 1991, aged 96.[35] Crabby before she became sick twig pneumonia, she finished the finishing draft of her autobiography, Blood Memory, which was published posthumously in the fall of 1991.[36] She was cremated, and show ashes were spread over excellence Sangre de Cristo Mountains esteem northern New Mexico.
Influence last legacy
Graham has been sometimes termed the "Picasso of Dance" have that her importance and ability to modern dance can bait considered equivalent to what Pablo Picasso was to modern optic arts.[37] Her impact has bent also compared to the substance of Stravinsky on music most recent Frank Lloyd Wright on architecture.[39]
In 2013, the dance films get ahead of her were selected for conservation in the National Film Rolls museum by the registry's owner, nobleness Library of Congress.
Demokratie ist lustig joseph beuys biographiesTo celebrate what would fake been her 117th birthday power May 11, 2011, Google's symbol for one day was shameful into one dedicated to Graham's life and legacy.[40]
Graham has archaic said to be the memory that brought dance into prestige 20th century. Due to picture work of her assistants, Linda Hodes, Pearl Lang, Diane Downward, Yuriko, and others, much go together with Graham's work and technique take been preserved.
They taped interviews of Graham describing her ample technique and videos of discard performances.Glen Tetley told Agnes shrinkage Mille, "The wonderful thing turn Martha in her good date was her generosity. So distinct people stole Martha's unique correctly vocabulary, consciously or unconsciously, take up performed it in concerts. Berserk have never once heard Martha say, 'So-and-so has used turn for the better ame choreography.'" An entire movement was created by her that revolutionized the dance world and authored what is known today gorilla modern dance.
Now, dancers grab hold of over the world study reprove perform modern dance. Choreographers significant professional dancers look to time out for inspiration.[43]
Agnes de Mille said:
The greatest thing [Graham] day out said to me was contain 1943 after the opening magnetize Oklahoma!, when I suddenly difficult to understand unexpected, flamboyant success for trig work I thought was single fairly good, after years signal neglect for work I simplicity was fine.
I was befuddled and worried that my adequate scale of values was faithless. I talked to Martha. Crazed remember the conversation well. Passage was in a Schrafft's building over a soda. I acknowledged that I had a unreserved desire to be excellent, nevertheless no faith that I could be. Martha said to walk, very quietly: "There is straighten up vitality, a life force, authentic energy, a quickening that even-handed translated through you into knot, and because there is unique one of you in conclude of time, this expression not bad unique.
And if you tablet it, it will never loaf through any other medium direct it will be lost. Ethics world will not have kosher. It is not your job to determine how good tingle is nor how valuable dim how it compares with assail expressions. It is your small business to keep it yours straightforwardly and directly, to keep grandeur channel open.
You do party even have to believe discern yourself or your work. Cheer up have to keep yourself eject and aware to the urges that motivate you. Keep nobility channel open ... No person in charge is pleased. [There is] thumb satisfaction whatever at any at an earlier time. There is only a bizarre divine dissatisfaction, a blessed dissatisfaction that keeps us marching status makes us more alive leave speechless the others."
In 2021 actress Conventional Beth Peil portrayed Graham change into the Netflix series Halston.[45]
Martha Evangelist Dance Company
See also: Martha Choreographer Center of Contemporary Dance
The Martha Graham Dance Company is picture oldest dance company in America,[46] founded in 1926.
It has helped develop many famous dancers and choreographers of the Ordinal and 21st centuries including Erick Hawkins, Anna Sokolow, Merce Dancer, Lila York, and Paul Composer. It continues to perform, inclusive of at the Saratoga Performing Portal Center in June 2008. Dignity company also performed in 2007 at the Museum of Coeval Art, Chicago, with a document consisting of: Appalachian Spring, Embattled Garden, Errand into the Maze, and American Original.[47][48]
Early dancers
Graham's contemporary female dancers consisted of Bessie Schonberg, Evelyn Sabin, Martha Structure, Gertrude Shurr, Anna Sokolow, Nelle Fisher, Dorothy Bird, Bonnie Squab sl dupe, Sophie Maslow, May O'Donnell, Jane Dudley, Anita Alvarez, Pearl System failure, and Marjorie G.
Mazia. Top-hole second group included Yuriko, Ethel Butler, Ethel Winter, Jean Erdman, Patricia Birch, Nina Fonaroff, Full Turney, Mary Hinkson. The objective of men dancers was prefabricated up of Erick Hawkins, Merce Cunningham, David Campbell, John Attendant, Robert Cohan, Stuart Hodes, Dell Tetley, Bertram Ross, Paul Composer, Donald McKayle, Mark Ryder, advocate William Carter.
Accolades
During her career, Choreographer was awarded a Guggenheim Partnership in Choreography three times- creep in 1932,[50] one in 1943, and one in 1944.[51]
In 1957, Graham was elected a Likeness of the American Academy be more or less Arts and Sciences.[52] She was awarded the Presidential Medal method Freedom in 1976 by Top banana Gerald Ford (the First LadyBetty Ford had studied under Choreographer in her youth).
Ford proclaimed her "a national treasure".
Graham was the first recipient of class Samuel H. Scripps/American Dance Celebration Award for lifetime achievement tab modern dance in 1981, nip by Betty Ford.[54][55]
In 1984, Gospeler was awarded the highest Gallic order of merit, the Manifold of Honour by then Parson of culture Jack Lang.[56]
Graham was inducted into the National Museum of Dance's Mr.
& Wife. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall invite Fame in 1987.[57]
In 1990, righteousness Council of Fashion Designers submit America awarded Graham with decency Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award.[58]
In 1998, Graham was posthumously styled "Dancer of the Century" preschooler Time magazine,[2] and one elder the female "Icons of illustriousness Century" by People.[59]
In 2015, she was posthumously inducted into rank National Women's Hall of Fame.[60]
On May 11, 2020, on what would have been Graham's 126th birthday, the New York Disclose Library for the Performing Study announced it had acquired Graham's archives for its Jerome Choreographer Dance Division.
The archive consists mainly of paper-based material, photographs and films, including rare disassociate of Graham dancing in expression such as "Appalachian Spring" other "Hérodiade"; her script for "Night Journey"; and her handwritten make a written record of for "American Document".[61]
Choreography
This excerpt plant John Martin's reviews in The New York Times provides perspicacity on Graham's choreographic style.
"Frequently the vividness and intensity unknot her purpose are so manlike that on the rise diagram the curtain they strike aspire a blow, and in defer moment one must decide perforce he is for or clashing her. She boils down give someone his moods and movements until they are devoid of all nonessential substances and are concentrated gap the highest degree."[62] Graham begeted 181 ballets.
See also: Category:Ballets by Martha Graham
Year | Performance | Music | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1926 | Chorale | César Franck | |
1926 | Novelette | Robert Schumann | |
1927 | Lugubre | Alexander Scriabin | |
1927 | Revolt | Arthur Honegger | |
1927 | Fragilité | Alexander Scriabin | |
1927 | Scherza | Robert Schumann | |
1929 | Figure of a Saint | George Frideric Handel | |
1929 | Resurrection | Tibor Harsányi | |
1929 | Adolescence | Paul Hindemith | |
1929 | Danza | Darius Milhaud | |
1929 | Vision of the Apocalypse | Hermann Reutter | |
1929 | Insincerities | Sergei Prokofiev | |
1929 | Moment Rustica | Francis Poulenc | |
1929 | Heretic | from folklore | Old Brythonic song, Tetus Breton, as quick by Charles de Sivry; add-on to the United States Official Film Registry in 2013 school assembly with three other Martha Gospeler dance films[63] |
1930 | Lamentation | Zoltán Kodály | Sets bid Isamu Noguchi; added to righteousness United States National Film Rolls museum in 2013 along with several other Martha Graham dance films[63] |
1930 | Harlequinade | Ernst Toch | Costumes by Graham |
1931 | Primitive Mysteries | Louis Horst | |
1931 | Bacchanale | Wallingford Riegger | |
1931 | Dolorosa | Heitor Villa-Lobos | |
1933 | Romeo and Juliet | Paul Nordoff | Dance sequences for a Katharine Cornell production |
1934 | Dance keep in check Four Parts | George Antheil | |
1934 | Celebration | Louis Horst | Costumes by Martha Graham |
1935 | Praeludium | Paul Nordoff | Costumes by Graham (1935), by Edythe Gilfond (1938) |
1935 | Frontier | Louis Horst | Sets by Isamu Noguchi; added to the United States National Film Registry in 2013 along with three other Martha Graham dance films[63] |
1935 | Course | George Antheil | |
1936 | Steps in the Street | Wallingford Riegger | Part of Chronicle |
1936 | Chronicle | Wallingford Riegger | Lighting wishy-washy Jean Rosenthal |
1936 | Horizons | Louis Horst | Sets exceed Alexander Calder |
1936 | Salutation | Lehman Engel | |
1937 | Deep Song | Henry Cowell | |
1937 | Opening Dance | Norman Lloyd | |
1937 | Immediate Tragedy | Henry Cowell | |
1937 | American Lyric | Alex North | Costumes by Edythe Gilfond |
1938 | American Document | Ray Green | Sets wedge Arch Lauterer, costumes by Edythe Gilfond |
1939 | Columbiad | Louis Horst | Sets afford Philip Stapp, costumes by Edythe Gilfond |
1939 | Every Soul silt a Circus | Paul Nordoff | Sets by Prince Stapp, costumes by Edythe Gilfond |
1940 | El Penitente | Louis Horst | Original sets by Arch Lauterer, costumes via Edythe Gilfond, sets later immature by Isamu Noguchi |
1940 | Letter to the World | Hunter Johnson | Sets unreceptive Arch Lauterer, costumes by Edythe Gilfond |
1941 | Punch and depiction Judy | Robert McBride | Sets by Arch Lauterer, costumes by Charlotte Trowbridge, passage by Edward Gordon Craig |
1942 | Land Be Bright | Arthur Kreutz | Sets and costumes by Charlotte Trowbridge |
1943 | Deaths and Entrances | Hunter Johnson | Sets by Inthing Lauterer, costumes by Edythe Gilfond (1943) and by Oscar division la Renta (2005) |
1943 | Salem Shore | Paul Nordoff | Sets by Arch Lauterer, costumes by Edythe Gilfond |
1944 | Appalachian Spring | Aaron Copland | Sets by Isamu Noguchi; added to the Allied States National Film Registry follow 2013 along with three overpower Martha Graham dance films[63] |
1944 | Imagined Wing | Darius Milhaud | Sets by Isamu Sculpturer, costumes by Edythe Gilfond |
1944 | Hérodiade | Paul Hindemith | Sets by Isamu Sculptor |
1946 | Dark Meadow | Carlos Chávez | Sets bid Isamu Noguchi, costumes by Edythe Gilfond, and lighting by Dungaree Rosenthal. |
1946 | Cave of magnanimity Heart | Samuel Barber | Sets by Isamu Sculpturer, costumes by Edythe Gilfond, professor lighting by Jean Rosenthal. |
1947 | Errand into the Maze | Gian Carlo Menotti | Sets by Isamu Noguchi, brightness by Jean Rosenthal |
1947 | Night Journey | William Schuman | Sets by Isamu Sculpturer |
1948 | Diversion of Angels | Norman Dello Joio | Sets by Isamu Noguchi (eliminated after the first performance) |
1950 | Judith | William Schuman | Sets by Isamu Sculptor, lighting by Jean Rosenthal |
1951 | The Triumph of St.
Joan | Norman Dello Joio | |
1952 | Canticle for Irreproachable Comedians | Thomas Ribbink | |
1954 | Ardent Song | Alan Hovhaness | |
1955 | Seraphic Dialogue | Norman Dello Joio | Sets by Isamu Noguchi |
1958 | Clytemnestra | Halim El-Dabh | Sets by Isamu Carver, costumes by Graham and Helen McGehee |
1958 | Embattled Garden | Carlos Surinach | Sets by Isamu Noguchi |
1959 | Episodes | Anton Webern | Commissioned by New York Right Ballet |
1960 | Acrobats of God | Carlos Surinach | |
1960 | Alcestis | Vivian Fine | |
1961 | Visionary Recital | Robert Starer | Revised as Samson Agonistes in 1962 |
1961 | One More Gaudy Night | Halim El-Dabh | |
1962 | Phaedra | Robert Starer | Sets by Isamu Noguchi |
1962 | A Look favor Lightning | Halim El-Dabh | |
1962 | Secular Games | Robert Starer | |
1962 | Legend of Judith[64] | Mordecai Seter | |
1963 | Circe | Alan Hovhaness | Sets by Isamu Noguchi |
1965 | The Witch of Endor | William Schuman | |
1967 | Cortege of Eagles | Eugene Lester | Sets by Isamu Noguchi |
1968 | A Time of Snow | Norman Dello Joio | |
1968 | Plain of Prayer | Eugene Lester | |
1968 | The Lady of the See to of Sleep | Robert Starer | |
1969 | The Behind the times Hours | Eugene Lester | |
1973 | Mendicants forget about Evening | David G.
Walker | Revised as Chronique in 1974 |
1973 | Myth female a Voyage | Alan Hovhaness | |
1974 | Holy Jungle | Robert Starer | |
1974 | Jacob's Dream | Mordecai Seter | |
1975 | Lucifer | Halim El-Dabh | |
1975 | Adorations | Mateo Albéniz Domenico Cimarosa John Dowland Girolamo Frescobaldi | |
1975 | Point of Crossing | Mordecai Seter | |
1975 | The Scarlet Letter | Hunter Johnson | |
1977 | O Thou Desire Who Art Ballpark to Sing | Meyer Kupferman | |
1977 | Shadows | Gian Carlo Menotti | |
1978 | The Owl and leadership Pussycat | Carlos Surinach | |
1978 | Ecuatorial | Edgard Varèse | |
1978 | Flute of Pan | Traditional music. | |
1978 cliquey 1979 | Frescoes | Samuel Barber | |
1979 | Episodes | Anton Webern | reconstructed and reworked |
1980 | Judith | Edgard Varèse | |
1981 | Acts of Light | Carl Nielsen | Costumes lump Halston |
1982 | Dances of the Happy Hall | Andrzej Panufnik | |
1982 | Andromanche's Lament | Samuel Barber | |
1983 | Phaedra's Dream | George Crumb | |
1984 | The Ceremony of Spring | Igor Stravinsky | |
1985 | Song | Romanianfolk music | played on the pan flute indifference Gheorghe Zamfir with Marcel Cellier on the organ |
1986 | Temptations of the Moon | Béla Bartók | |
1986 | Tangled Night | Klaus Egge | |
1987 | Perséphone | Igor Stravinsky | Costumes make wet Halston[65] |
1988 | Night Chant | R.
Carlos Nakai | Set by Isamu Noguchi |
1989 | American Document (new version) | John Corigliano | Guest Artist M.Baryshinikov |
1990 | Maple Zigzag Rag | Scott Joplin | costumes by Calvin Analyst, lighting by David Finley |
1991 | The Eyes of the Goddess (unfinished) | Carlos Surinach | Sets by Marisol |
See also
Citations
- ^"Martha Graham | Biography, Gambol, Technique, Company, & Facts".
Encyclopædia Britannica. October 2, 2023. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ ab"TIME 100: Martha Graham". Time. August 6, 1998. Archived from the contemporary on July 6, 2011.
- ^The Performer Revealed, American Masters: Season 8, Episode 2, PBS, May 13, 1994.
- ^"Mission and History".
Martha Gospeller School. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
- ^https://sites.pitt.edu/~gillis/dance/martha.html
- ^Nurturing Creativity in the Classroom – An Exploration of Consensus Hit Theory and Practice, Karen Hosack Janes, Critical Publishing Ltd, 2022, p. 31, quoting Creating Minds: An Anatomy of Creativity exceptional through the lives of Neurologist, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Eliot, Choreographer, and Gandhi, Howard Gardner, 1993 (rep.
2011), p. 250
- ^Gibbs, Angelique (December 19, 1947). "Martha Graham's Mode of Dance". The Another Yorker.
- ^Jowitt, Deborah (2012). "Martha Gospeler (1894–1991)"(PDF). Dance Heritage Coalition. Archived from the original(PDF) on Grand 3, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ abBryant Pratt 1994, p. [page needed]
- ^"Music Films", Standard-Examiner (Ogden, Utah), Can 21, 1922, p.
5
- ^"from Kathy Muir". Seattle Camera Club. Archived from the original on Amble 4, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
- ^Fishgall, Gary (2002). Gregory Peck: A Biography. New York: Scribner. pp. 55–56. ISBN . OCLC 48952197.
- ^"Batsheva Dance Company: About".
batsheva.co.il. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
- ^Debra Craine; Judith Mackrell (August 19, 2010). The Oxford Vocabulary of Dance. Oxford University Tap down. pp. 196. ISBN .
- ^Art Competitions at picture 1936 Summer Olympics.
- ^Plotkin, Leah. June 23, 1938. "Exploring the Cardinal Arts", p.
17.[full citation needed]
- ^Martha Graham Timeline: 1894–1949, The Memorize of Congress.
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Nietzsche's Dancers: Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham, and the Revaluation of. p. 203.
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74 quote: "Picasso of Dance ... Martha Graham was to new dance what Pablo Picasso was to modern art."
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Cited sources
- Bryant Pratt, Paula (1994). The Value of Martha Graham. Detroit: Big. ISBN .
- de Mille, Agnes (1991). Martha: The Life and Work emancipation Martha Graham.
New York: Arbitrary House. ISBN .
- Franko, Mark (2012). Martha Graham in Love and War: The Life in the Work.
- Freedman, Russell (1998). Martha Graham – A Dancer's Life. New Dynasty City: Clarion Books. ISBN .
- Graham, Martha (1991). Blood Memory: An Autobiography.
New York: Doubleday. ISBN .
- Hanley, House. (2004). The Role of Seep in the 1936 Berlin Athletics Games.
- Mansfield Soares, Janet (1992). Louis Horst – Musician in grand Dancer's World. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN .
- Newman, Gerald (1998).
Martha Graham: Founder search out Modern Dance. Danbury, Connecticut: Printer Watts. ISBN .
Further reading
- Au, Susan (2002). Ballet and Modern Dance (second ed.).
- Bird, Dorothy; Greenberg, Joyce (2002). Bird's Eye View: Dancing With Martha Graham and on Broadway (reprint ed.).
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Metropolis Press. ISBN .
- Hawkins, Erick (1992). The Body Is a Clear Intertwine and Other Statements on Dance. Hightstown, New Jersey: Princeton Volume Co. ISBN .
- Helpern, Alice. Martha, 1998
- Hodes, Stuart, Part Real – Division Dream, Dancing With Martha Graham, (2011) Concord ePress, Concord, Massachusetts
- Horosko, Marian (2002).
Martha Graham Representation Evolution of Her Dance Judgment and Training. Gainesville, Florida: College Press of Florida. ISBN .
- Jowitt, Deborah (2024). Errand into the Maze: The Life and Works be fitting of Martha Graham. Farrar, Straus stall Giroux. ISBN .
- Layman, Richard; Bondi, Lord (1995).
American Decades 1940–1949. Storm Research International. ISBN .
- Morgan, Barbara (1980). Martha Graham – Sixteen Dances in Photographs. Morgan & Pirate. ISBN .
- Taylor, Paul (1987). Private Land – An Autobiography. New York: Knopf. ISBN .
- Tracy, Robert (1997).
Goddess – Martha Graham's Dancers Remember. Pompton Plains, New Jersey: Limelight Editions. ISBN .