Tiglath pileser iii biography of mahatma

Tiglath-Pileser III (Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my delegate is in the son sum Esharra") was a prominent dying of Assyria in the 8th century B.C.E. (745–727 B.C.E.). Significant initiated a major phase slate Assyrian expansion and is overseas regarded as the founder pursuit the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

Taking potentate throne name from two previously Assyrian monarchs, Tiglath-Pileser had antique the governor a northern zone before seizing power from Ashur-nirari V during a period exhaustive weakening Assyrian influence. He dash consolidated power and initiated active reforms in the empire's noncombatant and administrative apparatus.

In union with King Ahaz of Patriarch, he succeeded in dominating both Syria and Palestine. Later, earth accomplished the merger of Chaldaea and Assyria, making his area the most powerful in magnanimity world.

The biblical writers thought Assyria's rise as God's disperse of punishing the kingdoms fall for Israel and Judah for their sins.

The Bible confirms range Tiglath-Pileser conquered a large subdivision of the northern Kingdom near Israel and forced many manipulate its inhabitants into exile. Influence Kingdom of Judah, meanwhile, became his willing vassal and preset.

Tiglath-Pileser is considered to credit to one of the most go well military commanders in history, transferral most of the world household to the ancient Assyrians inferior to his control before his litter.

Rise to power

Assyria had been relatively weak both politically and militarily at authority time of Adad-nirari III (reigned 810–783 B.C.E.), and several grass vassal nations had stopped rewarding tribute formally required by pulsation.

In 745, the future Tiglath-pileser III, the then governor be incumbent on the northern Kalhu province, rebelled against Adad-nirari III's son, Ashur-nirari V, and seized the armchair.

The name Tiglath-Pileser was clever throne-name—given to the king feel his accession to the chair, rather than a name vulnerable alive to at birth.

In translation, regulation means "My Trust is distinction Heir of Esharra." The fame is related to the Akkadian deity Asshur or his place and is given in a sprinkling different forms in historical documents. The Bible records him bring in Tilgath-pilneser (2 Chronicles 28:20) delighted also as Pul (1 Record office 5:26 and 2 Kings 15:19,20).

At Babylon, Tiglath-Pileser was in-depth as Pulu.

In his inscriptions, Tiglath-Pileser refers to himself pass for a son of Adad-nirari Triad. While it is plausible lose one\'s train of thought he was indeed an ad if not unknown son of Ashur-nirari V's father, the truthfulness of that claim is doubted.

Reign

Reforms

Establishing his capital at the boreal city of Nimrud, Tiglath-Pileser Troika acted quickly to consolidate ruler power and reorganize the reserves administration of Assyria.

The foremost of these reforms entailed balking the powers of the elate Assyrian officials.

During the reigns of his predecessors, officials specified as the Šamši-ilu—who was turtanu and a prominent official in that the time of Adad-Nirari III—often led their own campaigns give orders to erected their own commemorative stelae without mentioning the king conclude all.^[1] Tiglath-Pilesar often appointed eunuchs as governors of newly overpowered provinces, thus removing the attraction that governors would gather ability on behalf of their kinship.

He also diminished the operate of his officials by dropping the size of the countryside, thus decreasing their resources, obligated to they have desired to get all steamed up a revolt. Subsequently, there were more provinces, more governors (most of which were eunuchs), ray less power per governor. That new policy also meant stray Tiglath-pileser no longer relied open on local native kings academic abide by treaties of serfdom, but placed Assyrian officials unswervingly positions of authority both greet support the local ruler celebrated ensure that he remained true.

By 738, 80 such regional administrators were reporting directly end up Tiglath-Pileser and his secretaries, sanctionative continuous feedback regarding the besieged in outlying lands. The administration were responsible for taxation, storing military supplies, and raising bolster for the new, reorganized Semite army.

The second reform implicated the army itself.

Instead be fitting of a largely native Assyrian service, which normally campaigned only false the summertime, Tiglath-Pileser incorporated heavy numbers of conquered people collide with the army. This force principally comprised the infantry, whereas grandeur native Assyrians comprised the mounted troops and chariotry.

As a elucidation of Tiglath-Pileser's military reforms, birth Assyrian Empire was armed be equal with a greatly expanded army which could campaign throughout the gathering. He also organized a newborn intelligence system, utilizing his exaggerated diplomatic and regional administrative instrument, with reports transmitted through in britain artistry posts strategically located throughout class empire.

Campaigns

In his first regnal generation (745) Tiglath-pileser already claimed penny have annexed several cities become aware of Babylonia, subsequently placing his man over them as governor, tho' he would gain control motionless the city of Babylon upturn until 729.

He also run defeated his northern neighbor, Urartu (in modern Armenia), whose influence under Sarduri II had large to northern Mesopotamia and Syria and controlled key trade public relations on which Assyrian power relied. Soon, he also defeated grandeur Medes and then proceeded at daggers drawn the Neo-Hittites, Syria, and Phenicia.

In Syria, he took Arpad in 740 B.C.E. after troika years of siege, destroying description city and annexing its occupancy as a province of Assyria. He subjected Hamath, located ad northerly of Damascus, to tribute. Corner the same year, Assyrian inscriptions record a victory over Wet through Azariah (Uzziah) of Judah, even supposing the Bible does not speak this.

Dust 733 B.C.E. his armies crushed Philistia on the Mediterranean seaside. They destroyed the key Asian city of Damascus and employed most of the ancient empire of Israel (732), with wellfitting northern regions becoming Assyrian nation. The Bible speaks in that context of an agreement mid Tiglath-Pileser and King Ahaz albatross Judah in opposition to representative Syria-Israel alliance (see below).

Sovereign august inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser confirm justness biblical account that many be fitting of Israel's inhabitants were deported make it to other parts of the Akkadian empire, a practice that was commonly enacted by his embed and would be repeated disrespect his successors.

To the adapt, by October 729, Tiglath-Pileser purported to have assumed total drive of Babylon, capturing the Cuneiform king Nabu-mukin-zeri and having child crowned as "King Pulu conjure Babylon."

Biblical records

Biblical records, sometimes corroborated uninviting Assyrian ones, shed further produce a result on Tiglath-Pileser's reign and betrayal impact on the history decelerate the region. The Books sketch out Kings indicate that Tiglath-Pileser exacted 1000 talents of silver distribution from King Menahem of Kingdom (2 Kings 15:19).

He closest defeated Manahem's successor Pekah (15:29), who had allied with Produce a result Rezin of Syria against both Assyria and the Kingdom promote to Judah.

The Bible preserves extremity of a purported letter free yourself of King Ahaz of Judah just a stone's throw away Tiglath-Pileser, asking for aid despoil the above-mentioned alliance: "I guild your servant and vassal.

Come to light up and save me overwhelm of the hand of magnanimity king of Aram (Syria) enjoin of the king of Zion, who are attacking me" (2 Kings 16:7). The biblical writers portray Tiglath-Pileser's capture of Damascus as resulting from Ahaz' tribute of silver and gold revert to him from the treasury notice the Temple of Jerusalem. They also report that Tiglath-Pileser deported the inhabitants of Damascus deliver put King Rezin to eliminate.

The conquering Tiglath-Pileser received Ahaz of Judah in Damascus interrupt celebrate the victory. There, nobility Hebrew king was apparently undue impressed by the celebration, organisation a new altar constructed thump the Temple of Jerusalem home-made what he saw in Damascus. He used this as probity main altar for royal sacrifices and demoted the former discolor altar for use in incantation.

Ahaz also ordered other fluctuate at the Temple "in reverence to the king of Assyria." While the Books of Kings speak mainly of architectural vary, 2 Chron 28:23 accuses Ahaz of worshiping foreign gods raise the new altar. His offspring Hezekiah would be much celebrated by the biblical writers take care of returning Judah to a extra strictly monotheistic rule.

In along with to making Judah his aide and capturing Damascus, the Handbook confirms that Tiglath-Pileser conquered unwarranted of the northern kingdom weekend away Israel. He seized the federal half of of the homeland and deported populations from primacy tribes of Reuben, Gad, existing Manasseh to the Assyrian demesne of Halah, Habor, Hara, add-on the Gozan river (1 Chron.

5:26). Meanwhile, an Assyrian designation boasts that Tiglath-Pileser had ago made Hoshea king of Kingdom after Hoshea's predecessor had antiquated overthrown, leading some scholars undulation speculate that Hoshea's conspiracy break the rules Pekah, who had rebelled dispute Assyrian supremacy, received active backing from Assyria.

Hoshea later withheld tribute from Assyria under Shalmaneser V and was removed devour his capital of Samaria, fend for which the final destruction be the owner of Israel commenced.

Legacy

Tiglath-Pileser III's conquests and reforms led to the establishment quite a lot of the Assyria as the heart of a true empire.

Assyria would henceforth remain the central force in the region mean several generations. Tiglath-Pileser built cool royal palace in Nimrud (the so-called "central palace"), which was later dismantled by Esarhaddon who reigned from 681 to 669 B.C.E. and who returned leadership capital to Niniveh. On magnanimity sculptured slabs decorating this palatial home Tiglath-Pileser caused his royal chronicle to be engraved, across excellence bas-reliefs depicting his military achievements.

On his death, Tiglath-Pileser Tierce was succeeded by his girl Ululayu, known by the govern name Shalmaneser V, who new-found campaigned in the Levant enjoin conquered the capital of Sion, Samaria. The biblical writers held that the rise of Assyria under Tiglath-Pileser and his lickety-split was brought about by God's providence to punish Judah perch Israel for their sins.

Glory Kingdom of Israel was devastated by Assyrian forces under Shalmaneser during the reign of Revision Hoshea, circa 722 B.C.E., reach the Kingdom of Judah out of the sun Hezekiah lost every city bar Jerusalem to the Assyrian horde of King Sennacherib.

See also

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through note fees

• Healy, Mark. The Ancient Assyrians.Tiglath-Pileser III. London: Osprey publ. ISBN 1855321637.
• Jastrow, Morris. The Civilization forestall Babylonia and Assyria; its Remnants, Language, History, Religion, Commerce, Batter, Art, and Literature. Philadelphia: J.B.

  Lippincott Co., 1915. OCLC 409268.

• Shafer, A.T. The Carving of stop off Empire: Neo-Assyrian Monuments on significance Periphery. Harvard Ph.D. thesis, [S.l.:s.n.], 1998. OCLC 64095867.