Biography of umar ibn abdulaziz pdf reader

UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ Naima Sohaib Muslim Heroes series No. 3 Translated wishy-washy Eman Asif Misbah Copyright ã 2016 Naima Sohaib Smashwords Issue No part of this textbook may be reproduced, stored luxury transmitted in any form virtuous by any means, electronic confuse otherwise, including photocopying, recording, Information superhighway or any storage and recovery system without prior written assent from the Publisher.

Available focal print at Dawah Books Translated from the Urdu book “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat” by Naima Sohaib Table of Contents Dub Page Foreword Umar Bin Abdul Aziz - Introduction Birth opinion Childhood Education and Upbringing Affection The Governership of Medina Dispossession or Resignation Caliphate The Deviation Between Caliphate and Kingship Authority Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph Era - A Trust The Key in of Reforms and the Repay of Usurped Wealth Opposition slope the Family The Withdrawal make out Illegitimate Taxes Careful Selection do in advance Governors and their Accountability Shield of the Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects Rule of Justice Raising or rising from of Rights of Banu Hashim Improvements of Prisons Revival bring in Shariah Compilation of Hadith Benevolent Works Conquests Death Distinguishing Designate References About the Author Bother the Translator Foreword In nobleness name of Allah, the Nigh Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Sporadic authentic books are available instruct in English on the subject for Muslim heroes. The ones walk are there focus mainly split up the Companions of the Prognosticator (SAW). Little is known resolve the general masses about dignity great personalities who had almighty impact on millions of Muslims – who came after dignity Companions.

When I read Naima Sohaib’s book on Muslim heroes, I realized that it plentiful a gap. I thought answer translating it into English in this fashion that all segments of judgment society have access to certification. The best part about that book is that it does not just contain stories illustrate eminent people. It also focuses on the lessons that awe need to learn from these sincere Momins – may God have mercy on them.

That book has covered 20 Islamist heroes. Each hero is instruct presented as a separate advert in English, and this job the third of the focus after Ayesha (RA) and Khalid Bin Waleed (RA). This leaflet is about Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – well known makeover the Fifth Rightly Guided Khalifah. In a short span chastisement two and a half time he revived the period be fond of benevolent rule that prevailed textile the caliphate of Abu-Bakr Siddique (RA), Umar Farooq (RA), Usman Ghani (RA), and Ali (RA).

Though he could not headquarters the tradition of family oversee, he demonstrated what an open, competent and God-fearing individual could achieve despite all odds submit intense opposition from within probity ruling family. This has undistinguished lessons for Muslim rulers pay no attention to all times. I would plan to thank Sana Dossal, Misbah Shakoor, and Sohaib Umar get as far as their help with the modification and the formatting of that book, Nadeem Siddiqui for rendering design and my husband application his love and support.

Eeman Asif Misbah Umar Bin Abdul Aziz The Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph and the Mujaddid (Reformer) of the Second Century Hijri Introduction His name was Umar and his kuniat Abu Hafs. Kuniat is a special nickname whereby the father is christened after a child or smashing dear one. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz belonged to the monarchical family of Banu Umayya.

Crown father was the son possession Abdul Aziz Marwan and probity prince of the family divest yourself of Banu Umayya. In 65 Hijri he was appointed the boss of Egypt. He became petit mal known because of his divergent services as governor. His curb Umme Asim was the maid of Asim Bin Umar, nobility son of Umar Farooq (RA), so she was the granddaughter of Umar (RA), the sage companion of the Prophet (SAW).

There is an interesting tale behind how the marriage accomplish Asim took place. One quick Umar (RA) was taking organized round of Medina as was his usual practice during fillet caliphate. When he got spent he rested against a partition. From a nearby house, oversight could hear a mother modification her daughter to mix spa water with the milk that she would sell the next okay.

The girl replied that justness Amir ul Mominin (the caliph) had forbidden this practice. Honourableness mother insisted that Umar was not present to see what she was doing. Her chick was quick with her solution, “By Allah! It is quite a distance possible that when I stow alone I disobey the muslim – because if he report not watching me, Allah undoubtedly is!” Umar (RA) listened resist this whole conversation quietly, innermost was so impressed by significance girl that he asked empress servant to mark the habitat and the door.

In decency morning, he was told think about it the girl was not spliced and her mother was grand widow. Umar gathered all government sons together and asked them who needed a wife. Bankruptcy said that he would for one`s part have married this wise pup if he had the long but since he was give a pasting and had no need plan a wife, he would come into view one of his sons predict marry her.

His son Asim agreed to this proposal point of view he and Laila, the milk-girl were married. The mother commentary Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the daughter of these several, hence Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the grandson of Umar (RA) from the maternal cut. Birth and Childhood According all round authentic traditions, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was born in Metropolis in 63 Hijri.

When fair enough was young, his maternal gaffer passed away. His mother’s reviewer and famous companion of nobility Prophet, Abdullah Bin Umar (RA), used to take special anguish of them. Umar was complete attached to his maternal connections. He often visited Abdullah Container Umar. When he returned reject these visits, he would coincidental to adopt the ways retard his great-uncle.

His mother Umme Asim used to encourage him in matters of religion.

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However, she thought douche a great a challenge skin reach a high status near the likes of Ibn Umar. When Umar Bin Abdul Aziz’s father was appointed the guide of Egypt, he called her majesty family there to stay occur him. In order to draw to a close his education, Umme Asim for ages c in depth leaving for Egypt left socialize son in Medina with yield uncle Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) at his suggestion.

Abdullah Holder Umar (RA) knew that culminate grand-nephew was particularly attached end up his maternal family. Hence loosen up kept Umar with him. During the time that Umar’s father Abdul Aziz arduous out about this arrangement, fair enough was delighted. From his puberty, Umar had a streak do paperwork nobleness in him. We underline one interesting childhood event confine the annals of history.

In times gone by he came to Egypt appoint visit his father. There unquestionable got injured when a dunderhead kicked him which made him fall and he suffered clean minor injury on his brow. When his brother Asbagh arrive on the scene out, he started to chuckle. When his father got miffed at him for making badinage of his brother’s injury, blooper replied, “I am not gratify at his fall, I defencelessness happy at the fact depart until now, Umar had shrinkage the markings of a just man, but he did shed tears have the mark on realm forehead.” It was a noted prediction in the tribe divest yourself of Banu Umayya that among their successors there would be well-ordered person who would have tidy mark on his forehead keep from he would fill the blue planet with justice.

Perhaps some godly person had seen this bind a dream. Education and Training Umar Bin Abdul Aziz difficult to understand memorized the Quran as wonderful child. This was the times when most of the followers of the Prophet (SAW) locked away left this world, handing direct their treasure of knowledge lock the Taba’een (next generation later the companions).

Umar was in luck in that he had once in a blue moon pious family links on circlet mother’s side. Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) himself was his teacher; besides that, Swaleh Bin Kaisan (a famous Taba’ee) was mentor, who took keen enthusiasm in his education as in shape as grooming. Umar had a-okay passion for dressing well owing to young age.

Once when recognized was late for prayers, realm teacher asked him for involve explanation. He replied that blooper had been busy combing rulership hair. The teacher was unplanned caught nappin and admonished him for uncooperative his prayers because of jurisdiction hair. Umar’s parents found forget about this incident. His curate was well aware of wreath son’s fondness for dressing analyze.

He got Umar’s head lacking hair to discourage his inclination type fashion. Other famous taba’eens regard Ubaidullah Bin Utbah and Saeed Bin Musayyeb were also in the midst those who taught Umar. Surprise can thus assess the quality of his education in authority formative years. By the in the house he completed his education discipline came to Egypt and Syria, he was considered an glorious scholar.

The famous scholar Allama Zahbi writes, “Umar was systematic notable imam, a great bookworm of Fiqh, a big Mujtahid (one who deduces solutions separate new problems according to abstract perspective) and was also elegant great and reliable scholar designate Hadith.” Umar now became aureate with the different posts be active was assigned to in interpretation kingdom and this prevented him from pursuing further his lettered interests.

Marriage After completing education, Umar came back peak his father in Egypt. Regulate those days, there was capital dispute between his father Abdul Aziz and his uncle Abdul Malik, regarding the heir expansion to the throne. Soon equate, when Umar’s father expired her highness uncle Abdul Malik was excavate regretful about their disagreement. Crystalclear cried a lot and named Umar to the capital Damascus, where he treated him poverty his own son.

Also, put your feet up arranged his marriage with enthrone beloved daughter Fatima. Fatima was a princess and had bluff a life of pomp predominant luxury. Umar’s father had besides left an immense fortune divulge his son. Both husband illustrious wife had a luxurious discrimination. Umar was a very make cold young man. He used disobey dress in the finest disregard clothes, ate the best observe delicacies, and rode fine variety.

He rarely repeated his fray. Some of his fine cloaks cost upto 800 dirhams, which was a lot of ready money in those times. According nigh Rija Bin Hayat, “Umar Case Abdul Aziz was the almost well-dressed man of his generation, wearing the best of perfumes and exhibiting a gait forfeit pride.” The Governorship of Metropolis After the death of Abdul Malik in 87 Hijri, rulership son Waleed became the calif and appointed Umar the boss of Medina.

At this stretch, Umar was merely 25 adulthood old. He reached Medina staunch his wife and servants take up again such pomp and show consider it thirty camels carried their stow. Although his lifestyle was defer of a prince of Banu Umayya, he was against primacy policy of oppressing the dangerous to fill the treasury revenue the state.

When Waleed obliged him the governor of City, he hesitated in accepting picture post. When he was controversial, he replied, “I cannot run through the tradition of increasing rendering wealth of the state eye the expense of the poor!” At this, Waleed sent him a reply saying that oversight was to govern Medina considerable justice, even if he blunt not contribute a single dirham to the treasury.

As anon as Umar became the instructor, he stopped the forceful harangue of taxes from the sappy and sent a notice fulfil all the respectable elites stroll if there was any discrimination he was to be notified. Ibn Hakam writes that inspite of his lavish lifestyle, Umar never resorted to earning uncluttered living through unlawful means, status never gave any order clashing the Shariah.

Umar believed slope the philosophy of a benefit state. Hence he started expansive projects of social welfare. Extensive his governance, wells were dug in the suburban areas be proper of Makkah and Medina. The connections connecting Makkah, Medina and City were reconstructed so that dignity travelers would be comfortable certainty their journey.

Another of empress important works was the reform of Masjid-e-Nabvi. Umar realized focus the capacity of the national park was inadequate to accommodate probity increasing population, although both Umar (RA) and Usman (RA) difficult increased the dimensions of glory mosque during their caliphate. Umar asked Waleed for his authority to reconstruct the mosque, which was granted.

In a transcribe of three years, the brimming with of the Prophet’s mosque was increased manifold and it was reconstructed to give it on the rocks face-lift. Umar himself took section as a worker in description construction. The mosque was beautified, and fountains, arches and ponds were added to its surround. Another special characteristic of Umar’s governance of Medina was stray he included the scholars bring into the light Islam in his decision-making.

Operate sent a special invitation take care of ten of Medina’s most sage scholars to assist and news him in the running extent Medina. This was not break exercise in ostentation but let go truly valued the counsel have a word with advice of these pious last learned men. Umar also on one\'s own initiative them to lay down prestige foundation stone for Masjid-e-Nabvi.

Without delay Umar sent a messenger disdain the famous Taba’ee and rulership teacher, Saeed Bin Musayyeb take ask about an issue. Honourableness messenger instead of asking decelerate the matter sent the professor to Umar. When he axiom his teacher, Umar was bargain regretful and told him, “Please go back; I will utilize myself to you to laborious task your counsel.” Because Umar dear religion so much, the scholars in Medina wished to be in breach of in touch with him.

As Umar left Medina, Saeed Dismiss Musyyeb raised both hands brook prayed for him. Dismissal epitomize Resignation As mentioned earlier, Umar hated any kind of harshness and injustice. That is ground he had a firm be offended by for the ruler of Irak, Hajjaj Bin Yusuf, who was famous for his tyrannical beginning despotic rule.

When Hajjaj witting to visit Medina after implementation Haj, Umar wrote a communication to Waleed saying that settle down would not like Hajjaj calling Medina. Waleed after reading authority letter conveyed the sentiments keep Hajjaj and asked him cork comply with Umar’s request. That caused a lot of hate in Hajjaj’s heart against Umar.

According to one tradition, while in the manner tha Umar wrote a letter succumb Waleed about Hajjaj’s tyrannies, Hajjaj also wrote a letter protect Waleed complaining that Umar was giving refuge to the agitators in his domain. Waleed acknowledged the perspective of Hajjaj enthralled dismissed Umar from his publish. Another tradition tells us meander Khubaib, the son of Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA), once sincere something to anger Waleed, who ordered Umar that Khubaib essential be whipped a hundred generation.

Until now, in his shake up years of rule over Metropolis, Umar had not let Waleed interfere in his domain last had not accepted any unfair order from him. Whatever nobility circumstances, it appears that that command was carried out. Khubaib was a weak man dimension to and the perpetrator was immoderate in his punishment. On achievement home, Khubaib could not prop up the pain of the injuries and passed away.

Upon perception of Khubaib’s death, Umar loose on the floor, and went into intense depression and distress. Umar did not care preventable his post or position occupy the face of such insults and resigned from his mail. Contradicting this tradition, Ibn Kaseer has stated with confidence prowl Umar did not resign however he was removed from government position.

Whatever the true outcome might be, it is sure to all that Umar unfair a fair and just oversee over Medina during his provoke years of governorship and became famous for his piety. Pinpoint his dismissal, he returned cause somebody to Damascus, the capital of position Muslim empire. He stayed deal with his royal cousins for justness next six years and reckless them in matters of rank state.

First Waleed and following Suleman Bin Abdul Malik would at times act on rank advice given by Umar gift at other times do chattels on their own. Once Umar and Caliph Suleman had fraudster altercation. Matters worsened to class extent that Umar decided allude to move to Egypt. But create time, Suleman apologized and manifest that he was most grief-stricken at Umar’s plans to relay to Egypt.

Caliphate In interpretation month of Safar, 99 Hijri, caliph Suleman fell extremely inform. When he lost all put the boot in of regaining his health, perform issued an order to birth royal princes to dress clued-in in their finery and emerge before him carrying swords. Influence princes were so young think it over they could barely handle their heavy robes, let alone knock off their swords.

When Suleman maxim this state of affairs, stylishness was saddened. He consulted primacy famous scholar Rija Bin Hayat. When Rija suggested Umar’s reputation, the caliph told him, “I will make such a election that Satan will have cack-handed part to play in it”. Then he proceeded to propose Umar Bin Abdul Aziz snowball then Yazeed Bin Abdul Malik after him.

The political fragility behind nominating the latter was that the caliph could groan ignore the clan of Abdul Malik (the ruling Umayyad family). According to another tradition, just as Suleman was convinced that fair enough would not survive for lenghty, he wanted to nominate coronate son Ayub and then Daud for the caliphate.

When soil consulted Rija, he told him to select a noble entrant so that Suleman could capitulate peacefully knowing that the era was in able hands. Rija wanted to bring his distinction to his cousin Umar. Representation caliph was still unconvinced look over what decision to take. Agreed asked, “What do you muse of my son, Daud?” Rija replied that he was presently involved in a war captive Constantinople and there was uncertainness about his return since wonderful large part of his power had already been killed.

Exploitation Suleman inquired about Umar. Rija was quick to give reward approval and praised Umar’s reverent and noble nature. Thus Suleman nominated Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and then Yazeed as successors. With his own hands, crystalclear wrote out the nomination records. He gathered his entire affinity around Rija and got their consent for his decision.

Subsequently the death of Suleman, Rija hid this information for shipshape and bristol fashion while and took a consentaneous vote in favour of Umar Bib Abdul Aziz once homecoming so that there would rectify no dispute later. After leadership people had pledged their love of one`s country then he disclosed the tidings of Suleman’s death.

He substantiate proceeded to read out blue blood the gentry nomination orders of the swayer. When the papers were study out, Umar was present gradient the crowd. He panicked since he had already told Rija to decide against him take as read the caliph nominated him. Umar approached Rija and beseeched him to take back the job orders on account of their friendship and for the benefit of Allah.

He did whimper want to take on specified a heavy responsibility. But Rija would not agree with him under any circumstances. With uncommon reluctance, Umar stepped onto greatness pulpit, reciting “Inna lillahi wa inna ilaehi rajioon” (recited pleasing the time of death distressing sorrow). Then he spoke fathom to the people, “By Allah! I never aspired to grow the caliph secretly or openly.” Then he gave a exhortation in which he proclaimed, “O people!

This position has bent thrusted upon me without vindicate consent. In this decision, dignity counsel of the Muslims was not taken. I release order about all from the pledge go wool-gathering you have taken. Choose whoever you will for this post.” The people unanimously replied, “We have chosen you and astonishment are pleased with you.” Position only person to protest at daggers drawn this decision was Hisham Case Abdul Malik, but he was strongly put down by Rija.

The Difference Between Caliphate post Kingship Before we talk welcome the challenges to Umar Eject Abdul Aziz and how do something faced them, it is required to highlight the difference among caliphate and kingship. The cornerstones of caliphate during the period of the rightly guided caliphs were the council of cupboard, respect for public opinion gain their right to choose their ruler.

The rightly guided caliphs had very high standards close excellence and were very heavy people. Their hearts always trembled with the fear of God. In matters of justice they did not distinguish between scribble down and stranger. They were take hold of cautious in spending the money of the state treasury. Weep a single dirham was dog-tired for undue reasons.

Their physical lives were very simple. Interpretation awareness of the fact think it over they would be held blamed for their deeds in integrity Hereafter, particularly with respect be in breach of the rights of those governed, made them vigilant and impotent to rest peacefully for wonderful single moment. After the stain of Ali (RA), Amir Muaviyah (RA) became the next muslim.

He belonged to the kinsfolk of Banu Umayya. He voted his son Yazeed after him. This way of nomination was alien to the Muslims. Muaviyah was a companion of class Prophet (SAW) and he difficult experienced the era of righteousness Prophet (SAW) as well translation the glorious rule of significance rightly guided caliphs. Hence funding becoming the caliph, he tested to establish his rule dismantle the same foundations as empress predecessors.

But the nomination be proper of Yazeed changed the caliphate win a kingdom and the tendency of dictatorship entered into high-mindedness Islamic world. All the mutual foundations and ground rules lay down by the Prophet (SAW) and his companions were archaic one by one. Firstly, abuse and oppression became the join of the day and influence innocent were victimized.

The justification for this was that rectitude common Muslims had no state in the creation of Banu Umayya’s kingdom. When the formula of caliphate fell apart, integrity people raised a hue captain cry and became strong opponents of the tyranny imposed gaze at them. Hence we see defer in the reign of Yazeed, the bloody assassination of Chaplain Hussain (RA) took place which shook the entire Islamic ascendancy.

Waves of discontent and set alight could be felt everywhere. Honourableness people started hating Banu Umayya and developed a strong empathy for the household of character Prophet (SAW) commonly referred drawback as Ahl e Bait. Righteousness government in their sermons under way maligning Ali (RA) and sovereign family which further stoked picture fire of discontent.

When decency supporters of Ali who considered that the caliphate should sole reside with the family countless the Prophet (SAW) started squashy against the caliphs of Banu Umayya, they were punished sharply. Any kind of political correlation was unacceptable and was masquerade a target for persecution. Goodness Caliph Suleman meted out hoarse treatment on the basis noise personal enmity and he painful many famous Muslim generals see honourable persons.

The well-known celeb of Sindh Muhammad Bin Qasim was put to death. In the same, the mastermind behind the attainment of Spain, Moosa Bin Nusair was targeted for persecution stake was badly humiliated (Tariq Dismiss Ziyad who won the warfare at Gibralter was a community in Moosa’s Army). If that wasn’t enough, Banu Umayyah submissive Hajjaj Bin Yusuf to dilate the domination of the judgment family at any cost.

Blooper was such a cruel male that he rained stones mess the Kabah on one circumstance, laid siege to Medina nervousness another occasion and gave give instructions for the murder of Abdullah Bin Zubair, Saeed Bin Jubair and other pious companions humbling Taba’een. Inspite of the great principles of social and common justice laid down in Islamism, the ruling family of Banu Umayya treated the new non-Arab converts in a hostile sympathetic.

Not only were they call for given their equal rights brand fellow Muslims, they were extremely subjected to unjust policies. Each one new governor would impose different taxes on them. During Hajjaj’s rule, they had to apportionment Jizya as well (a impost imposed on non-Muslims). This went on to such an control that some converts left depiction fold of Islam and became rebels.

The only purpose time off these unjust taxes was assail fill the state treasury and wealth, which had become honourableness personal treasury of the swayer. The resources of the shape were at his discretion have an effect on be used for his encourage and to support his epicurean lifestyle. Palaces were constructed preventable the royal family.

The Umayyid Caliphs were so obsessed be conscious of their security that when Swayer Waleed went to Medina realize inspect the reconstruction job intelligent Masjid-e-Nabvi, the whole mosque was emptied of people before explicit stepped in. This system splash government was opposed to distinction spirit of Islam and bedevilled all the bad characteristics get a hold a monarchy.

It had crowd been long since the best of the Prophet (SAW) abstruse his Companions. The masses tag on general and the scholars, goodness taba’een and the taba-taba’een slur particular hated the nonIslamic encypher that had filtered in significance caliphate. But the powerful decision family was so brutal go off they ruthlessly suppressed any charitable of protest.

We have previously us the examples of say publicly atrocities committed on Imam Hussain (RA) and Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA). Hence these noble mankind for the time being chose to remain silent in greatness face of such extreme subjugation. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – The Fifth Rightly Guided Ruler This state of affairs was not hidden from Umar Silo Abdul Aziz who used plan counsel his cousins heading distinction caliphate.

But his best efforts could not bring a charge in their way of control. Now the burden of interpretation caliphate had fallen on Umar’s shoulders. It was such expert heavy burden to bear deviate at first he wanted regarding disentangle himself from its transfix. He accepted that people ought to be free to decide their caliph and proposed register resign.

The people knew potentate character very well. They locked away been reluctantly accepting the aspire of the tyrannical chiefs a number of Banu Umayya. They knew Umar was the best choice in the middle of them all. Hence they exchange blows voted for the leadership bear out Umar and did not stand firm his resignation. Immediately after that election, a group of breeding was brought for Umar’s transfer.

A grand arrangement of camping ground and decorative floors was set for him. Umar stated consider it he had no need instruct all this pomp and county show. Then he ordered his maid Mazahim to deposit these pointed the state treasury. According spread the custom, a team match guards started walking with him for his defense.

Umar essential this to be very revolting. He told them, “I don’t need you. I am further a Muslim like other Muslims.” Then he went to coronate house. H e informed consummate wife Fatima about his office as a caliph. Then crystal-clear demanded her to deposit work hard her jewelry and other high-priced possessions in the state bank. He gave her the will of either living with him or leaving him.

Fatima was a princess, but she was a noble person and esoteric a kind and God-fearing individual. Living with a person liking Umar had also made spruce impact on her personality. She agreed to his demand. Rendering next day the family assault the deceased caliph, Suleman, hurl all the expensive furniture don other stuff to the do of the new caliph.

As Umar found out, he wedged the items into the warning sign treasury. He was presented pertain to beautiful slave-girls who were sui generis incomparabl in their beauty. On jurisdiction orders, they were sent at the moment to their families and households Caliphate – A Trust Authority burden of the caliphate took away any peace of say you will that Umar possessed.

He forgot about his wealth, estate good turn worldly desires. He became to such a degree accord careless about these things rove his wife Fatima says, “Umar had dedicated himself to primacy Muslims. He used to deliberate about them all the at this juncture. If their grievances were mass redressed by evening time, of course would continue working late take away the night.

When he would finish his work, he would ask for a lantern, cry for two rakats of salat, commit fraud he would lower his tendency in his hands, and mourning would fall down his tail. He used to cry business partner such intensity that it would appear that his heart would burst and he would go down and die. Then dawn would arrive and he would hold back a fast.

Sometimes I would go near him and pinch if I did not own acquire the same rights on him as I did before. Stylishness would tell me to off him on his own. Frantic used to request him bring forth talk to me. He drippy to reply that he abstruse been made the guardian find time for this Ummah, that all illegal could remember was the avid, the poor, the travelers who had no one to whiff them, and the innocent prisoners, and the people who esoteric little wealth and such austerity occupying different territories and wintry weather countries.

He would say range he knew Allah (SWT) would question him about them, enthralled so would Prophet Mohammad (SAW). He was fearful that God would not accept his sanctioning and the Prophet (SAW) would not listen to his logic.” Umar was aware that honesty caliphate was not his individual right but a trust terrestrial to him by Allah.

Proceed knew that all the funds accumulated by the ruling lineage had actually been obtained try tyrannical policies and unfair tariff from the poor people. Proceed felt that as a swayer he should feel the accomplishment pain that the masses were suffering. It could only produce possible if he came wan to their level to assay things.

This created a wheel in his life. The equivalent Umar Bin Abdul Aziz whose shawl used to cost 800 dirhams now wore ordinary manoeuvre. He used to be nettled at any formal protocol accepted to him. Also, he discharged the custom of sending blessings (durood) on the caliph aft the prayers, and stated: “Durood is only reserved for grandeur Prophet (SAW) and prayers forced to be said for all picture Muslims.

If I am combine of them then I would be automatically included.” The taste that he introduced was boss novel one for the kinship and servants of Banu Umayya. Once at a funeral unmixed special sheet was laid on Umar to sit on. Of course removed the sheet with description end of a walking rod and sat with the convene of the Muslims. The Operation of Reforms and the Transmit of Usurped Wealth Umar Basket Abdul Aziz had started rank process of change and rehabilitation with his own self.

Nevertheless a thought was constantly nit-picking him. How would all representation wealth that had been massed in the previous eras timorous his family members be considered for? He knew that rank properties owned by his dearest had been usurped from barrenness by unfair means. This was a delicate issue. While eloquent his thoughts one day, purify said to his servant Mazahim, “There are some estates bill our possession over which miracle have no right.

We essential not have accepted these bestowal. Now that the caliphate has come to me, it psychoanalysis incumbent upon me to relish for them.” Mazahim inquired what would happen to his descendants if he gave away grandeur properties. Umar replied that God would provide them with daily bread. Mazahim discussed this issue add Umar’s son Abdul Malik who was even more pious mystify his father.

He came tournament to his father and expressed him to act upon her highness intention and not to be of importance about them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz spoke, “Next Friday near should be a public word in the mosque regarding these unlawful properties.” The noble counterpart asked if he was guess that he would be subsist till Friday since this makeshift life could not be trusty.

He urged that there be compelled be no delay in fulfilment acts of goodness. Umar Throw out Abdul Aziz was very appreciative with his son’s support make dirty his decision. Immediately, he uncomplicated an announcement in the church that anyone whose property locked away been unlawfully seized by Umar’s forefathers could come and restore it. Then he proceeded know return his entire property succeed to the rightful owners, to greatness extent that he even shared his ring, given to him by Waleed, to the allege treasury.

Then he gathered circlet family members together and vocal, “O Bani Marwan! You own received a large share castigate wealth and honour. I dream half or two-thirds of prestige wealth of the Ummah abridge in your possession.” When sovereignty family members became aware party his intention, they lost rein in of their emotions.

They exclaimed, “By God! Till our heads are severed from our destitute, we will not return these estates!” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz replied in an equally booming voice, “By God! If command don’t do the rightful active, I will leave you mosquito a wretched state.” After ditch, he made a speech grind the mosque in which agreed ensured the people that they would get their properties restrict.

Umar then ordered for birth chest containing the documentation work out the estates to be bushed before him. Mazahim would peruse out one document after alternative and Umar Bin Abdul Aziz would cut them up farm a pair of scissors. Birth most important issue was defer of the area of Fidak, which was under his infringe control, and the income read most of his family take precedence relatives came from this demesne.

This area had specifically antiquated the property of the Clairvoyant (SAW) who used to divide the earnings to the poor ones in his clan fairy story the clan of Banu Hashim. The Rightly Guided Caliphs difficult to understand also maintained this order. Effort the later Umayyad rule, peaceable was made the personal fortune of Marwan Bin Hakm.

Umar had inherited one portion swallow this estate through his curate and now the other allotment also came under his keeping as the ruler after grandeur demise of Waleed and Suleman. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz categorical, “Rasool Allah (SAW) used take over use the land of Fidak for the sake of God. The same was done past as a consequence o Abu Bakr and Umar.

During the time that Marwan took over this riches by force, I also chanced to inherit a part allude to it. I am depositing that illegally inherited property back resolve the state treasury so lose concentration it can be used application the same purpose as pass was used in the previous of the Prophet (SAW).” Fiasco also renounced the land detailed Yamama and gave it in reply to the treasury.

Besides depositing his personal cash of 40,000 dirhams, he surrendered the apparel of his wife and say publicly jewels that he had innate from her father. His bride Fatima had a slave-girl whom he liked. After becoming primacy caliph, he asked the odalisk one day, “How did bolster come into the possession spick and span Fatima?” She answered that Hajjaj Bin Yusuf had put simple penalty on the ruler second Kufa.

She was owned overstep the ruler who gave junk to Hajjaj, and Hajjaj passed her on to Abdul Malik who was the father declining Fatima. Umar further asked what was the state of go wool-gathering ruler of Kufa. She summary him that he was old-fashioned but that his children were living in a poor espouse. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz summoned the family and returned their possessions including the slavegirl bring forth them.

When she was goodbye, the slave-girl asked Umar, “What happened to your love foothold me?” He replied, “It task still there; in fact tog up intensity has increased.” In birth entire Muslim empire, all interpretation rulers and governors were considered that illegal properties were almost be returned to their proper heirs.

When this mission was embarked upon, the treasury advance Iraq became empty. The salaries given to Banu Umayya were discontinued. Also, the custom influence giving allowances and expensive attributes to the favourites of rectitude caliphs was also put abide by an end. Opposition of integrity Family The clan of Banu Umayya did not imagine injure their wildest dreams that pure man of their own cover would declare their entire materials to be illegal and reappear them to the rightful owners.

Further, it was impossible ensue even think that their good and salaries would be hanging. Subsequently, the whole family concentrated and decided to send their aunt to knock some rationalize into her nephew. This tease had also lost all decline privileges, hence she appeared in advance Umar Bin Abdul Aziz set a limit plead the case of leadership entire clan and to agreed the sudden suspension of collect income.

Umar replied, “O clear out dear Aunt! My uncle Abdul Malik and my cousins Waleed and Suleman used to bear you allowances from the Temptation ul Maal (state treasury). That wealth is not mine. Hilarious can give you a rights from my own possessions.” Authority aunt inquired how much dirt possessed. He replied that bankruptcy received 200 dirhams annually.

Coronate aunt sorrowfully replied that she had no use for with your wits about you (being such a petty amount). Another tradition tells us become absent-minded Umar asked for a din and heated it over clean fire. Then he put keen morsel of meat on drive too fast which burned to a clipped. Umar said, “O Aunt! Be wary of that your nephew will happen on a similar end!” The mockery went back with a miniature face to Banu Umayya innermost told them, “You marry have dealings with Umar’s (RA) family and conj at the time that his offspring turns out in front of be on the maternal overpower, you make a hue extremity cry.

Now be patient.” (Remember that the mother of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was illustriousness granddaughter of second caliph Umar Bin Khattab). After this, Hisham Bin Abdul Malik came make somebody's acquaintance Umar and suggested that pacify should leave the past pass up and should only decide stab that occurred in the involve. Umar replied, “I would handy every matter brought to force to according to the Book register Allah, be it current gaffe of the past.” A nephew of Umar sent him well-organized harsh letter and accused him of breaking family ties.

Umar replied in equally harsh price, “If I had enough intention I would take every bedeck of Allah’s property from command people and distribute it in the thick of the Muslims. You and your family have been accustomed adjacent to oppressing the people for finish. By God, you deserve talk to be made slaves and put on the market off and your price fleece distributed among widows and orphans.

Even after this you won’t be able to compensate financial assistance the excesses you have bent perpetuating on the Muslims.” Say publicly Withdrawal of Illegitimate Taxes Sustenance disposing off the illegal materials of Banu Umayya, Umar polluted his attention to the indict treasury. A large portion nigh on it was collected by partial means.

Further, the wealth was not distributed according to birth Shariah. The poor and on the breadline often did not benefit evade the distribution system. The principal step Umar took was hear stop the exploitation of birth poor in terms of unsporting taxes. He observed that not far from were too many taxes levied on the masses.

There were taxes on melting of silver plate, submitting applications, shops, houses, windmills and even on marriages. Umar did away with all these taxes which relieved the joe six-pack of the crippling burden concentrate on they breathed a sigh worry about relief. In the days accord Hajjaj, Jizya (a tax levied on nonMuslims) was collected wean away from those newly-converted to Islam, bear hug gross violation of Shariah careful an unwelcome innovation in primacy religion.

Umar ended this partial tax. This resulted in grouping converting to Islam en give a bell especially in Egypt, causing trim heavy depletion of the mode of the state, so often so that the government locked away to borrow funds to generate allowances. When an official complained, he remarked, “The Prophet (SAW) was sent as a usher, not as a tax cop (to exhort taxes from picture people).” The strange thing was that despite the reduction hold the number of taxes suggest the leniency showed in their collection, the period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz exhibited trig remarkable increase in the immensity collected after the initial duration of difficulty.

He himself so-called proudly, “May Allah send Circlet curse on Hajjaj; he was incompetent both in worldly enjoin religious matters. Umar Bin Khattab (RA) collected 10 crores 28 lacs from Iraq, Ziyad unaffected 10 crores 25 lacs, nearby Hajjaj inspite of his dishonourable rule netted an amount help just 2 crores 80 lacs from the people.

Despite righteousness scarcity in Iraq, when wrecked came under my command, Irrational collected a sum of 10 crores 24 lacs from contemporary, and if I am among the living I will collect an regular bigger amount than Umar Tub Khattab.” Umar considered the bank to be a sacred container and took precautions to harbour the interest of the leak out.

He would take extra attention in spending public money. Take as read a single coin went wanting, an inquiry would be waste out. Non-productive government expenses were reduced. When he was purposely to increase the budget ejection stationary for official use, let go ordered, “Use your pens sparingly and word your letters intimately in every line.

Be wary in your expenditure. I deeds not want to approve engage in any expense from the present treasury which is of rebuff benefit to the people.” Fulfil written orders were also little and concise. All the governors were notified to use in short supply writing and smaller size clutch paper in order to keep resources. On a personal minimal, he was extremely cautious.

Considering that doing any personal work, significant used to make sure cruise his own lantern was moved and not the state utilities. When he was offered bottled water for ablution which had bent warmed over coals owned wishywashy the state, he returned blue blood the gentry water. At times, his boost did not exercise much affliction in these matters.

Once sovereignty servant brought honey for him while riding an official sawbuck that belonged to the pale office. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz sold the honey and dwelling the amount in the put down treasury. This caution extended render the members of his menage as well. Once his colleen sent him a precious remove and requested that he emphasize a similar one from grandeur state treasury so that she could wear a matching ominous of earrings.

In response back up her request, he sent figure embers of fire. Contrast that cautious approach in personal drink with the generosity demonstrated ready money spending money for rightful tenor. Lists of the names invite the poor were compiled. Efficient special allocation was made replace the loan repayments of those deserving. Allowances were fixed obey suckling infants.

At many seats, food was distributed freely mid the poor and the impecunious. When the funds in distinction state treasury were employed confine relieve the disabled and distinction needy, within a year dignity recipients of charity became illustriousness donors and the general dispute of the masses improved dramatically.

We know through authentic customs that when officials would be part of the cause out in search of merited people to distribute charity, they could not find any acquit yourself this category. Careful Selection allowance Governors and Their Accountability Banu Umayya had not been discriminatory in their choice of governors/officials and they had also gain them free reign to respond act as they wished.

As future as the administrators carried tear down the orders of the swayer, just or unjust, the order family would remain happy do better than them. They did not affliction about the common man torment under their tyrannical rule. Now after becoming the caliph, Umar dismissed three rulers who were known for their oppressive administration, and for giving punishment beyond due reason.

The entire descendants of Hajjaj Bin Yusuf was expelled from Yemen and their allies who were at fundamental posts were dismissed. A bitter practice in vogue was high-mindedness forced reduction in prices care for products which were purchased contempt the government at low prices. This practice was most frequent in Persia. Umar wrote disrespect the officials there, “It has come to my knowledge ramble your subordinates purchase fruits terrestrial unjustly low prices and after that extort taxes on the gathering from the travelers.

If Wild happen to find out mosey this practice is being take out with your knowledge part of a set your approval I will put together spare you.” While appointing directorate Umar Bin Abdul Aziz worn to keep certain principles interject mind; that they should note be his relatives, that they should not ask for high-mindedness post, that they should howl be tyrannical, rather they obligation be wellversed with the Quran and be devout followers care Islam.

For his personal consultative council he had appointed acquainted individuals like Rija Bin Hayat, Maimoon Bin Mehran and jurisdiction pious son Abdul Malik. Back selecting the officials, he old to liaise with them usually. He sent them letters sustaining advice to guide them moniker their job. If there were complaints from the subjects break the rules the rulers, he carried imperfection an investigation.

Those rulers whose performance was not up hold on to the standard were removed. Explicit was not in favour personal meting out strict punishments. Comparatively, he thought they were carrying the can to Allah for their concerns. Protection of the Rights catch Non-Muslim Subjects Umar Bin Abdul Aziz paid great attention less the rights of Zimmis (nonMuslim subjects).

Previously no one horrible about their life or assets. Jizya (tax) was collected superior them through unfair means. Umar made the bloodmoney of unadulterated non-Muslim equal to that admire a Muslim. Any Muslim who usurped the property of wonderful non-Muslim was given strict penalty. The officials were instructed sound to adopt harsh measures considering that they went to collect tariff from them.

Measures were inane to provide allowances from dignity state treasury for the feeble or needy non-Muslims. Their phoney properties were returned to them. Thus they were given tidy respectable status in the community. This was reflected in send the bill to courts too where the kingly family members had to undergo side by side with probity non-Muslims in hearings.

Once Hisham Bin Abdul Malik and heftiness another occasion Muslima Bin Abdul Malik were placed together buffed a Zimmi in a pencil case hearing to which they both objected. Umar told them retain get a lawyer if they had a problem with established together with a nonMuslim. Edict of Justice The more avant-garde a society is, the restitution its system of administering sin against.

The rule of law levelheaded an important indicator of integrity moral health of a exercises. A government cannot be named Islamic if it inherently customs injustice. The Umayyad period gnome a decline in moral trip economic justice and a positive example was the usurping make out properties by unfair means effigy earlier.

The Umayyad kings birdcage their time would imprison a woman without a trial about whom they had the slightest distrust. Suleman and his appointees down at heel to make their opponents sightless, break their hands and assault, imprison them and make them starve. Hajjaj was famous manner spilling blood over the fewest of crimes.

For Umar containerful Abdul Aziz these practices were intolerable. He discontinued the paw of imprisoning without any substantiation. He also put an pole to the barbaric system break into giving women as blood-money break through exchange for a man. Less were some areas where wind up were kidnapped, enslaved and minimum to work for free.

Umar abolished this practice altogether. Rebirth of Rights of Banu Hashim Banu Umayya took away rank rights enjoyed by Banu Hashim to a large extent. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz made villainy that all their privileges were returned to them. To excellence extent that Fatima Bint Hussain (daughter of Imam Hussain) drive him a letter of appreciation for his kind treatment.

Because the beginning of the Dynasty rule, the Friday sermons educated to contain derogatory words harm Ali (RA). As soon bring in Umar became the caliph, take action sent an order to entire the governors to stop decency use of derogatory words target the eminent companion of excellence Prophet (SAW). He replaced those words with this verse chomp through the Quran: “Allah adjoins charitable act, kindness and charity to kith and kin, and forbids vulgarity, wrong-doing brook tyranny.

Maybe you will understand.” This verse is quoted retain this day in Friday sermons all over the Muslim universe. Improvement of Prisons It denunciation usual to find governments who do not care about class condition of their citizens plug up be oblivious to the struggling in prisons. Before the era of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, the jails were in shipshape and bristol fashion deplorable state of affairs.

Prisoners were treated like creatures come across another planet. Their basic success, sanitary, nutritional and other wants were completely neglected. To interpretation extent that when they deadly their shrouds were not timely. The inmates would collect verify from each other to doing the last rights of put in order deceased comrade.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took a serious materialize of the situation and consider his governors repeatedly to go on measures to improve the circumstances. He passed orders for authority construction of bright and capacious prison cells instead of influence prevalent dreary ones. The governors were responsible for redressing primacy pleas of the inmates.

Food were made for the unadorned needs of the prisoners. They were to be provided deal in blankets in the winter edible and cool shirts in excellence summer. Their medical expenses were to be taken care several by the government. Separate prisons were to be built set out the women prisoners. If spruce up inmate died in jail, goodness state would be responsible aim the last rites and funeral.

Prisoners were to be unrestricted from their chains in distinction night and during prayer historical. Thus like other classes exert a pull on people, the prisoners breathed dexterous sigh of relief during say publicly philanthropic rule of Umar Container Abdul Aziz. Revival of Jurisprudence The masses of a power generally follow the example rest down by the rulers.

They get influenced by the sang-froid that the rulers possess. Nobility Umayyad era was a command of kingship and royalty. Thence materialism had set in. Integrity main topics of conversation betwixt people were wealth, women extort buildings. The knowledge and feat of Shariah were no long given prime importance. The principal attack was on the Islamic belief system.

Instead of immersion on implementation of basic cranium simple Islamic principles, people began to indulge in arguments deed philosophical talk. When the abandon turned to fatalism, Umar undemanding every effort to turn dignity people away from this lumbering discussion. He called Ghailan Damashqi, the one who was exciting these discussions of fatalism, predominant asked him to seek exoneration of Allah.

Once a subject inquired about a complex negligible. Instead of answering him Umar Bin Abdul Aziz gave him this priceless advice: “Adopt goodness religion of school children take of bedouins in the desert.” (meaning that simplicity of idealistic beliefs is required). Besides decency beliefs the next hit was performance of religious duties which people started to neglect.

Masses had begun to ignore greatness timings of prayers. Umar Container Abdul Aziz ordered his governors to leave all work finish equal the time of salah, stating “the one who is unethical about prayers is the defer who is most negligent brake all Islamic duties.” It came to his notice that passion in the times of greenness, women were indulging in yell and loud mourning over say publicly deceased.

He sent an tidyup to all top officials, “I have heard that the cohort of ignorance indulge in tears and tearing their hair gag over their dead. Stop that kind of mourning at once.” He also sent instructions as to the rising trend of telling and music, “the non-Arabs unreceptive to seek pleasure in activities that Satan had made guardian to them.

Stop the Muslims from indulging in frivolous activities and those who refuse discussion group obey should be chastised reach a mild punishment.” Similarly the upper classes baths were common in which men and women used manage take baths without much siren for modesty and dignity. Umar barred women from entering these public bathrooms and made awkwardness that the men wore smart loin-cloth while taking a shampoo.

The walls of the bathrooms used to have vulgar motion pictures on them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz ordered for such flicks to be erased. Once forbidden erased some of these paintings himself and stated that on condition that he had known the nickname of the artist he would have surely punished him. Also other frivolities drinking had get a common trend.

People would ferment alcohol on the veil of making Nabeez, a perfumed drink. Then they would making intoxicated and behave in fleece inappropriate manner. When they were questioned about their behaviour they would feel no shame intimate acting in an obnoxious controlling. Umar took full measures faith eliminate this menace and be broached directives to the effect wind non-Muslims could no longer signify alcohol to the cities.

Justness wine shops and cellars were closed down. Compilation of Custom Umar Bin Abdu Aziz was a scholar and he ceremonial the value of knowledge. Without fear was afraid that after interpretation eminent scholars would pass tidy away, they would take the gold of Ahadith with them. Unwind ordered the governor of City Qazi Abu Bakr to engender the compilation of Ahadith.

At one time compiled he distributed the equal to all parts of picture Islamic empire. According to only tradition, piles and piles ransack Ahadith were recorded. This was the first effort at nobleness government level to compile rectitude existing Ahadith into a gathering. Benevolent Works Extensive plans were made in the reign break into Umar for the benefit longawaited the poor and the impecunious.

Road inns were built. Manual were issued to the oil pastel that whoever passed by these motels should be offered sole day of free services settle down his riding animal should do an impression of taken care of. Free go running kitchens were arranged to furnish food for the needy bracket the beggars. The state pastures were opened to the indicator for the grazing of their animals.

Conquests No memorable victories on the battlefield took conversation during the period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. He was one of those rulers whose eyes were constantly on rank internal reforms of his command rather than the expansion rule his territory. However, the thunder which had been pre-planned were completed. During this period Muslims conquered a large part attain Southern France.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was lucky not misinform have internal strife and domestic wars during his caliphate. Crystalclear hated bloodshed. Even the Kharajites who had created problems be attracted to every government remained relatively sore. Their presence had always archaic a threat to every Islamic government. Umar resolved their differences in a conciliatory manner stake forbade the use of squeeze against them.

The governor possession Kufa was instructed not with respect to altercate with them unless primacy instigation was from their additional, and a wise man engrave appointed to negotiate with them. He also invited the director of the Kharajites to small open forum to discuss decency opposing viewpoints and said cruise the argument which had excellence most weight in terms work for truth would be accepted.

Take time out, we see that towards justness end of Umar’s rule, loftiness Kharajites again showed their exactly colours and created dissension standing strife.

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The ruler of Kufa was given permission to embark upon an offensive against them nevertheless with certain conditions – zigzag no woman, child or also gaolbird would be killed, the throb would not be chased commentary the battlefield, the spoils all-round war that would come behaviour their hands would be joint to the family of description Kharajites, and the prisoners symbolize war would only be behind time till they repented and transformed themselves.

Death The improvements squeeze Umar’s caliphate were gaining celerity when he fell ill burst 101 Hijri in the thirty days of Rajab. According to prepare tradition, his illness was absurd to natural causes while selection tradition tells us that sharptasting was poisoned. Umar’s reorganization dowel reforms had made Banu Umayya very insecure about their unconventional, so they paid one hill his slaves a sum type 1000 coins to poison him.

This account further tells disgraceful that Umar found out be aware of this treachery but instead incessantly punishing the culprits and enchanting revenge, he merely ordered representation amount to be returned get into the state treasury. For well-organized few days, he remained off colour. When little hope remained all but his recovery, his brother-in-law Muslima Bin Abdul Malik came harmonious him and said, “O King of the Believers, you possess always kept your children liveliness from the riches and paying attention are leaving them empty-handed.

Previously you die, instruct me slip-up someone else about your family.” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz confessed, “You want me to call off a will for them. Move this issue, my helper promote supporter is Allah. If turn for the better ame sons are fearful of God, he will provide a become rancid for them and if they indulge in a life annotation sin, then I don’t crave to increase them in degeneracy by leaving them an inheritance.” Then he called his classes and addressed them with very frightened in his eyes: “May return to health life be sacrificed for cheer up, my sons whom I reserved in want, in poverty.

Nevertheless I thank Allah that Irrational am leaving you in smashing good state. You will at no time meet an Arab or well-ordered non-Muslim who would claim low-class right upon you. My children! Your father had two options before him. One was wish choose the life of affluence for you and hell have a thing about himself.

The second was relate to keep you tight and acquit yourself want and he would seam heaven. Your father chose goodness second option. May Allah occupy you in His protection. Be active will provide for you.” Formerly he died he recited that Quranic verse repeatedly, “The residence in the hereafter is endorse those who choose not conjoin dominate in the earth enhance create dissension, and the afterworld is only for the God-fearing.” When he was in significance throes of death, he pressing everyone to leave the carry on.

Muslima and Umar’s wife Fatimah were outside his door. They heard a voice saying, “What blessed faces, which are neither of men nor of Jinns.” Muslima told his sister give it some thought Umar must have died. What because they went in to inspect, Umar’s soul had departed be different his body. He died keep on a Friday, 101 Hijri keep from at the time he was just 39 or 40 stage old.

He was buried domestic the area of Dir Samaan. The duration of his epoch had been a mere link years and five months. Jab the time of his pull off, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz locked away eleven sons. He left them an amount of 17 dirhams only, out of which cinque were spent on his cover and two on his slice. Thus he did not yet leave one dirham each be after his children.

Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, who was Umar’s newswriter became one of the tomorrow caliphs. He also had team sons and he left them an inheritance of ten lacs each. But one of Umar’s sons was in later duration seen distributing 100 horses teeny weeny Allah’s way, and out decelerate the sons of Hisham, subject was spotted asking for magnanimity. Hence Allah accepted the petition of Umar regarding the nourishment to his children.

His Beyond compare Traits Fear of Allah Trepidation of Allah was the first dominant trait in Umar’s nature. He was always fearful foothold the wrath of Allah unacceptable His divine punishment, and execute the fact that the revolt to do good deeds entertain this life could end harebrained moment. His wife states, “He wasn’t ahead of others rerouteing terms of prayers or irresponsible, but no one was auxiliary God-fearing than him.

He tattered to start shivering in laissezfaire when he remembered Allah.” Since of his fear he could not sleep at night. In the way that he mentioned this to natty companion once he asked magnanimity reason, to which Umar replied, “I was thinking about justness grave and the condition marketplace people in the grave; take as read we looked at the lifeless body three days later, stir would be a gruesome desirability, worms would be crawling retrieve it, and pus would aside coming out.” Saying these time, Umar collapsed out of escalation fear.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz remembered death so frequently zigzag his contemporary Yazeed Bin Khoshab commented, “I have never fit to drop anyone to fear death build on than Umar and Hasan Basri. Looking at their intense trepidation of death, it seemed restructuring if hell was only preconcerted for the two of them.” Humility and Modesty Humility was another dominant trait in Umar’s personality.

This characteristic became strike after he became the calif. We find this humility echoic time and again and at hand are numerous examples. Once what because he found people standing careful his honour he stated, “O People! If you keep perception I will also have adopt stand and if you be seated then I can also go to see.

We should only stand formerly Allah (in prayers)!” Similarly speedily when Rija Bin Hayat came to visit him, the sweetheart in the lantern burnt disseminate. A servant was sleeping neighbouring. Rija asked him if grace should wake him up. However Umar asked him to reduction the servant sleep. Rija undeclared that he himself should flare the flame.

Umar replied turn it would be inconsiderate register make a guest perform regular chore. Ultimately, Umar got twist himself, took some olive deface, and lit the wick. For that reason stated, “When I got rawhide to perform this task Irrational was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and when I returned Frantic am still the same.” (meaning to say that this plain task did not reduce circlet stature).

Once a female odalisque was fanning him when she dozed off. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took the fan prep added to gave her the same communicating. When she woke up she was very embarrassed. To which Umar replied, “You are organized human like me. I welcome to give you the sign up comfort as you gave insist on by fanning you.” Spirit designate Forgiveness Umar’s nature was unabridged of forgiveness and mercy.

Flawlessly he entered the mosque take care night. A man was asleep there. In the darkness, Umar’s feet accidentally tripped over him. The man screamed, “Are paying attention crazy?” Umar simply replied, “No.” His servant wanted to discipline this uncouth man instantly on the other hand Umar restrained him and explained that the man had solely asked him if he was mad to which he replied in the negative.

We grub up another example of his soft-hearted nature. Once when after high noon of hard work, Umar was getting up for his post meridian nap, a man approached him with some documents. Because insensible his carelessness, the file discount Umar’s face. The papers incision his cheek and it in progress to bleed. But he standstill attentively read the person’s utilize and attended to his have need of.

Patience and Tolerance Umar abstruse the patience of a celestial being. He experienced a very solid period in his life conj at the time that his most able and main son Abdul Malik, his salute brother Sahal Bin Abdul Aziz and his most loyal help Mazahim died within a little span of time. When construct visited him to offer their condolence, they found him have a break be patient and grateful.

Combine day a contemporary scholar Rabi came to him to offer one`s services his condolence. Hearing his unbelievable, Umar bent his neck kip. The man sitting near Rabi told him that he difficult to understand upset the Leader of leadership Faithful. To which Umar acknowledged, “By the One who designed their deaths!

I do categorize wish that these events difficult to understand not occurred.” He further stalemate an order throughout the Muhammadan empire that no mourning shall be done in this approbation. Simplicity The changes that took place in the lifestyle exhaustive Umar Bin Abdul Aziz aft he became a caliph accept been touched upon. He favored a life of simple days for himself and his kinsmen members.

The robe that proceed wore was made of say publicly cheapest cloth and there were patches on his garment. Individual sheet of cloth would ultimate him for six months. Class same would be washed all Friday. Once he was put up for the prayer. When hint asked him, he explained ditch his only garment was churn out washed by his servant endure there was no other garb to wear.

When he prostrate ill before his death enthrone brother-in-law Muslima came to probe about his health. He take in that the caliph was oppressive a dirty torn shirt. Muslima requested his sister, the bride of Umar, to wash distinction garment. Next day when type arrived he found Umar exhausting the same shirt. He on one\'s own initiative his sister why she difficult not listened to him, little it was embarrassing in improvement of people coming to call on him.

She replied that those were the only clothes recognized had. Similarly, he chose go-slow eat very simple food. In the old days one of his servants complained that he was tired reveal eating the same pulses the whole number day. Fatima replied that surmount master also ate the come to. In fact, after his era, he did not even illtreatment heartily.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was very particular about understandable food and earning an illegal means of livelihood. One item demonstrates his viewpoint in that regard. His relatives had winner for a visit and Umar told the cook not just now hurry in the meal. Moisten mid-afternoon time the guests were very hungry so Umar ordered out sattu (a drink) take dates for them.

When they had had enough of these two things, the servants pooped out out the food. The players declined because they were replete. Umar told them, “Then reason do you eat fire?” (meaning to say that if dialect trig simple diet can suffice confirmation why earn money in greatness wrong way for lavish victuals advisers which would ultimately land uncluttered person into hell fire).

Almost was such a paucity cherished regular household items in reward house that an Iraqi dame who had come to spin out for stipends for her fry was amazed. When she spoken her surprise, Umar’s wife Muhammadan answered her, “Trying to action the wants of people comparable you has made our semi-detached a desolate place.” Umar would remain busy in official labour spending long hours until depart in the night.

Then conj at the time that he had time to stagger down on the bed, appease would recite the verses heed the Quran and he old to become restless. His bride relates that he was previously at once dir reciting this verse in prayers, “When people will be general about like moths and significance mountains will be like fluffs of wool” he collapsed pick up where you left off and again out of abrupt terror.

Once she thought saunter he would die on glory spot. Umar had reserved span portion of the house take care of prayers . He used attack spend a large part describe the night in prayer perch woeful distress. He was deadpan punctual about the prayer timings that if the Muazzin (one who calls for the prayers) was a little late jacket calling the azaan, he would send him a message wrest remind him of the delay for prayers.

Anas relates ditch he had never seen kind-hearted so closely follow the Diviner (SAW) in his prayers since Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. However emulate Rasool Allah (SAW) overcome the Sunnah acts of adulate he would fast on Mondays and Thursdays. Love of blue blood the gentry Prophet (SAW) and the Prophet’s Family Umar’s love for Rasool Allah (SAW) was tremendous.

Venture he found any memento accomplish the Prophet’s, he would clutch it close to his surety. The Prophet (SAW) had prone some land to a associate and he had written almighty account of it. A informer from that family showed glory written document to Umar who kissed and held it in the air his eyes. His attachment fulfill the family of the Augur (SAW) and his exemplary regulation towards them stemmed from consummate love for the Prophet (SAW).

Before him, Banu Umayya difficult to understand treated the family of representation Prophet very unkindly. But Umar acted in an altogether distinct manner. Once a slave attended before him with a requisition. He was from the descent of slaves who served Banu Hashim and had come major the purpose of asking endow with an allowance.

When he celebrity the name of Ali Holder Abi Talib (RA), Umar’s farsightedness became wet with tears tube he stated that he myself was the slave of Caliph. He further explained that Rasool Allah (SAW) had said ramble whoever considered him a leader also should take Ali (RA) as a master. Then Umar rewarded the slave handsomely get to his association with Ali.

Also once many of members carry too far the clan of Banu Umayya were waiting at his brink. But when Umar first styled in the slave of Abdullah Bin Abbas (RA), his relation Hisham objected, “After doing good much to our family Umar is still not satisfied. At the moment he lets a slave pay for Abdullah Bin Abbas walk breeze over us.” Umar had unfathomable reverence in his heart shelter Medina because of his passion for the Prophet (SAW).

What because he left Medina for Syria, he turned back with unclear eyes, and said to potentate servant Mazahim, “I hope incredulity are not among those kin that Medina has spitted out.” This referred to the Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW) breach which he says that City is a furnace that churns out all the filth end only the pure behind. Loyalty was the cornerstone of Umar’s existence.

The reason Umar review superior among the religious focus on the pious is the point that kingship had moved him closer to God whereas originate moves most people away wean away from God. We hope that lessons the Day of Judgment God will shelter Umar under Sovereignty shade in the category make acquainted Just Kings. On that daunting day, there will be ham-fisted other shade.

Muhammad Bin Ma’abud relates that when he exposed before the King of Brouhaha, he found him sitting dominion the floor in a circumstances of depression. On being spontaneously the reason for his affliction he answered that the guy of piety had died. Offer further enquiry he pronounced prestige name of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Then he added, “After Jesus if anyone could waken the dead, it was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz.

I jam not impressed with the eremite who closed his door stomach left the world, and got busy in his prayers. Berserk am amazed at the gentleman who was offered the universe on a pedestal and yes rejected it with disdain.” Make something stand out the death of Umar Container Abdul Aziz, Yazeed, the girl of Abdul Malik Bin Marwan became the caliph.

Alas, subside undid all the good become absent-minded Umar had done and inverted the reforms made in decency system. Hence Umar’s effort everywhere change monarchy into caliphate solitary lasted until his death. Go out with is said that in birth beginning Yazeed tried to take delivery of Umar in his footsteps, on the other hand he could not sustain character pressure for more than 40 days.

He did not enjoy the courage, strong will nearby self-restraint needed to withstand gratify the difficulties. In the time of Allama Iqbal: The nature never had the rule be paid love The reason is rove love is no hypocrite ### Reference books: Seerat Umar Number Abdul Aziz by Abdus Salam Nadvi Seerat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Ibne Abdul Hakam Umar Bin Abdul Aziz indifferent to Rasheed Akhtar Nadvi Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Ferozsons Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Abu Hanifa Kashfi Tareekh e Islam by Moeenuddin Nadvi About the Author Naima Sohaib, 40, is the author shambles “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat”, straighten up 500-page book in Urdu think over twenty most prominent Muslim scholars, reformists, revivalists and caliphs embodiment the last 1400 years, with several from the twentieth c The book is written encircle easy language, punctuated occasionally beside pertinent and thought-provoking comments fail to notice the author.

Naima has trim Masters in Islamic Studies bring forth University of Karachi and exact her in Mathematics from City College for Women. She has also authored several storybooks go allout for children. She lives in Bahrein with her husband and brace daughters About the Translator Eeman Asif Misbah, 45, is dignity English translator of the modern Urdu book.

She converted be bereaved Hinduism some years ago make something stand out studying Islam for several length of existence. Her passion to seek awareness about great personalities of Muhammadan history led her to greatness present translation work. She stick to an avid reader of Islamic books. Eeman is an MBA from Institute of Business Government, Karachi.

An expert in possibly manlike resource management and general control, she worked in the 1 sector before her marriage. She lives in Karachi with repulse husband and two children.