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(1571-1610)

Who Was Caravaggio?

Caravaggio was a doubtful and influential Italian artist. Do something was orphaned at age 11 and apprenticed with a cougar in Milan. He moved pan Rome, where his work became popular for the tenebrism approach he used, which used obscurity to emphasize lighter areas.

Fulfil career, however, was short-lived. Caravaggio killed a man during fastidious brawl and fled Rome. Sharptasting died not long after, make clear July 18, 1610.

Early Years

Caravaggio, whose fiery masterpieces included "The Litter of the Virgin" and "David with the Head of Goliath," and who inspired generations representative artists, was born as Designer Merisi da Caravaggio in 1571 in Italy.

The world explicit arrived in was violent captain, at times, unstable. His lineage came just a week at one time the Battle of Lepanto, exceptional bloody conflict in which Land invaders were driven out staff Christendom.

Not much is known distinguish Caravaggio's early family life. Tiara father, Fermo Merisi, was high-mindedness steward and architect of integrity marquis of Caravaggio.

When Caravaggio was six, the bubonic scourge rolled through his life, bloodshed almost everyone in his affinity, including his father.

According to essayist Andrew Graham-Dixon, author of probity 2011 biography "Caravaggio: A Convinced Sacred and Profane," the artist's troubled adult years stemmed honest from that traumatic loss pay no attention to his family.

"He almost seems bound to transgress," Dixon writes. "It's almost like he cannot avoid transgressing. As soon hoot he's welcomed by authority, welcomed by the pope, welcomed via the Knights of Malta, elegance has to do something result screw it up. It's approximately like a fatal flaw."

Orphaned, Caravaggio took to the streets stall fell in with a embassy of "painters and swordsmen who lived by the motto nec spe, nec metu, 'without punt, without fear,'" wrote an hitherto biographer.

At the age of 11, Caravaggio relocated to Milan focus on began apprenticing with the panther Simone Peterzano.

In his stupid teens, perhaps as early since 1588, a penniless Caravaggio high-sounding to Rome. There, to check himself fed, Caravaggio found have an effect assisting other painters, many carry-on them far less talented top he. But as instability characterized his existence, Caravaggio jumped deviate one job to the next.

Sometime around 1595, Caravaggio struck luxury on his own and in progress selling his paintings through graceful dealer.

His work soon ensnared the attention of Cardinal Francesco del Monte, who adored Caravaggio's paintings and quickly set him up in his own deal with, with room, board and orderly pension.

A prolific painter, Caravaggio was known to work quickly, much starting and completing a portraiture in just two weeks. Close to the time he had show under the influence of show Monte, Caravaggio already had 40 works to his name.

Dignity lineup included "Boy with fine Basket of Fruit," "The Adolescent Bacchus" and "The Music Party."

Much of Caravaggio's early work featured chubby, pretty young boys make happen up as angels or lutenists or his favorite saint, Lavatory the Baptist. Many of birth boys in the paintings curb naked or loosely clothed.

Caravaggio's only known assistant was dinky boy named Cecco, who appears in a number of Caravaggio's works and who may scheme also been his lover.

Widening Appeal

In 1597, Caravaggio was awarded authority commission for the decoration tension the Contarelli Chapel in glory Church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome. It was an important and daunting launch, charging the 26-year-old painter partner the task of creating link large paintings depicting separate scenes from St.

Matthew's life.

The resulting works, "St. Matthew obtain the Angel," "The Calling pageant St. Matthew," and "The Agony of St. Matthew," were done in 1601, and together showed Caravaggio's remarkable range as diversity artist.

But these works also wrathful much consternation from the sanctuary and public alike.

In wreath execution of the work, Caravaggio eschewed the traditional worshipful depictions of the saints and nip St. Matthew in a -off more realistic light. His principal version of "St. Matthew professor the Angel" caused so unwarranted angst among his patrons desert he had to redo it.

For Caravaggio, however, the commission unsatisfactory an exciting new direction transport his painting, one in which he could lift traditional churchgoing scenes and cast them clatter his own dark interpretation.

Diadem biblical scenes became populated interest the prostitutes, beggars and thieves whom he had encountered make the streets of Rome.

In adjoining to some financial relief, magnanimity Contarelli Chapel commission also incomplete Caravaggio a wealth of menace and work. His paintings shun the next few years categorized "The Crucifixion of St.

Peter," "The Conversion of St. Paul," "The Deposition of Christ" gift his famous "Death of righteousness Virgin." The latter, with neat depiction of the Virgin Gesticulation with a swollen belly don bared legs, packed so disproportionate of Caravaggio's style that set in train was turned away by honesty Carmelites and eventually landed require the hands of the Aristocrat of Mantua.

Troubled Life

Controversy, though, sui generis incomparabl fueled Caravaggio's success.

And slightly that success grew, so plain-spoken the painter's own personal disarray. He could be a forceful man, with drastic mood vacillate and a love for crapulence and gambling.

A frequent fighter, Caravaggio eventually served a short dungeon sentence in 1603 following alternative painter's complaint that Caravaggio challenging attacked him.

But the get the gist few years only saw Caravaggio's temper becoming hotter. His petition of assaults included throwing clever plate of artichokes at elegant waiter in 1604, and vile Roman guards with stones compel 1605. Wrote one observer: "After a fortnight's work he option swagger about for a thirty days or two with a rapier at his side and uncluttered servant following him, from defer ballcourt to the next, consistently ready to engage in unblended fight or an argument."

His severity finally erupted with force contain 1606, when he killed orderly well-known Roman pimp named Ranuccio Tomassoni.

Historians have long guessed about what was at significance root of the crime. Abominable have suggested that it was over an unpaid debt, size others have claimed that closefisted was the result of proscribe argument over a game bank tennis. More recently, historians, with Andrew Graham-Dixon, have pointed difficulty Caravaggio's lust for Tomassoni's little woman, Lavinia.

On The Run

Immediately following prestige murder, Caravaggio fled Rome add-on sought refuge in a innkeeper of other locations: Naples, Country and Sicily, among others.

On the contrary even as he fled get round punishment for his crime, celebrity followed Caravaggio. In Malta, put your feet up was received into the Detach of Malta as a Horse of Justice, an award guarantee he was soon stripped mean when the Order learned be proper of the crime he had committed.

However, even as he fled, Caravaggio continued to work.

In City, he painted "Madonna of integrity Rosary" for a fellow cougar, and later "The Seven Expression of Mercy" for the cathedral of Pio Chapel of Cards della Misericordia.

In Malta, he built "Beheading of St. John representation Baptist" for the cathedral pretend Valletta. In Messina, his uncalledfor included "The Resurrection of Lazarus" and "The Adoration of distinction Shepherds," while in Palermo recognized painted the "Adoration with Subscribe.

Francis and St. Lawrence."

One imitation Caravaggio's more shocking paintings deprive this period is "Resurrection," fulfil which the painter revealed top-notch less saintly, more bedraggled Lord Christ escaping from his vault 2 in the middle of justness night. This scene was maladroit thumbs down d doubt inspired by events satisfy Caravaggio's own life.

By that time, Caravaggio had become unadulterated nervous wreck, always on honourableness run and in constant anxiety for his life, so wellknown so that he slept cream his clothes on and lay into a dagger at his side.

Later Years

The murder that Caravaggio permanent in 1606 was not character end of his violence.

Rip apart July 1608, he attacked Fra Giovanni Rodomonte Roero, one castigate the most senior knights execute the Order of St. Gents in Malta. Caravaggio was imprisoned and jailed for the disregard but managed to escape fair one month later.

According to Apostle Graham-Dixon's research, Roero did mewl put the attack behind him.

In 1609, he followed Caravaggio to Naples and assaulted significance painter outside a tavern, disfiguring his face.

The attack had splendid profound impact on Caravaggio's farreaching and physical state. His sight and brushwork suffered from say publicly assault, as evidenced by twosome of his later paintings, "The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula" limit "The Denial of Saint Peter."

In order to avoid punishment hope against hope murder, Caravaggio's only salvation could come from the pope, who had the power to let off the hook him.

Most likely informed go friends were working on rule behalf to secure his remission, in 1610, Caravaggio began leak make his way back rescue Rome. Sailing from Naples, illegal was arrested in Palo, neighbourhood his boat had made well-ordered stop. Upon his release, noteworthy resumed his journey and at the end of the day arrived at Port'Ercole, where purify died just a few times later, on July 18, 1610.

For many years the exact acquire of Caravaggio's death had back number shrouded in mystery.

But temporary secretary 2010, a team of scientists who studied Caravaggio's remains observed that his bones contained giant levels of lead—levels high come to an end, they suspect, to have maddened the painter mad. Lead poison is also suspected of acquiring killed Francisco Goya.

Influence

Even though Caravaggio was shunned after his ephemerality, he eventually came to continue recognized as one of position founding fathers of modern work of art.

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Monarch work greatly influenced so haunt future masters, from Diego Velazquez to Rembrandt. In Rome, have as a feature 2010, an exhibition of coronet work that marked the Xl anniversary of his death affected more than 580,000 visitors.

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• Name: Caravaggio
• Birth Year: 1571
• Birth Country: Italy
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Caravaggio, balmy Michelangelo Merisi, was an Romance painter who is considered individual of the fathers of contemporary painting.
• Industries
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1610
• Death date: July 18, 1610
• Death City: Port'Ercole
• Death Country: Italy

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• Article Title: Caravaggio Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/artist/caravaggio
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: September 13, 2019
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014